U Street Corridor

Infobox nrhp
name = Greater U Street Historic District
nrhp_type = hd


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location =Roughly bounded by New Hamphire Ave., Florida Ave, 6th St., R St., and 16th St
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added =December 31, 1998
visitation_num =
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refnum = 98001557
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governing_body = The U Street Corridor is a collection of shops, restaurants, nightclubs, galleries and residences along a nine-block stretch of U Street in northwest Washington, D.C. It extends from 9th Street on the east to 18th Street and Florida Avenue on the west. Most of this area is part of the larger Shaw neighborhood with the western end entering the Dupont Circle neighborhood. It is served by the U Street Metro Station.

History

Founding and early history

The U Street area is largely a Victorian-era neighborhood, developed between 1862 and 1900, the majority of which has been designated as a historic district. The area is made up of row houses constructed rapidly by speculative builders and real estate developers in response to the city's high demand for housing following the Civil War and the growth of the Federal government in the late 19th century. The corridor became commercially significant when a streetcar line operated there in the early 20th century, making it convenient for the first time for government employees to commute downtown to work and shop. [http://www.cr.nps.gov/Nr/travel/wash/dc63.htm Greater U Street Historic District] ]

The 1960s

While the area remained a cultural center for the African American community through the 1960s, the neighborhood began to decline following the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. in 1968. The intersection of 14th Street and U Street was the epicenter of violent and destructive riots. Following the riots, and the subsequent flight of affluent residents and businesses from the area, the corridor became blighted. Drug trafficking rose dramatically in the mid-sixties and for many years the intersection of 14th and U Streets was the center of drug trafficking in Washington, DC. At times, hundreds of addicts would fill the streets in a carnival-like atmosphere, waiting for drug shipments to arrive.Lusane, Clarence "Pipe Dream Blues: Racism and the War on Drugs" South End Press, Boston 1991, ISBN 0-89608-410-8]

The 1990s and beyond

Gentrification began in the 1990s, following development in Adams Morgan and later Logan Circle. More than 2,000 luxury condominiums and apartments were constructed between 1997 and 2007.Fact|date=June 2007

Music and culture

U Street has long been a center of Washington's music scene with the Lincoln Theatre, Howard Theatre, Bohemian Caverns, and other clubs and historic jazz venues. While always racially diverse, the area was predominately white and middle class until 1900. As Washington became progressively more segregated, the neighborhood emerged as a fashionable neighborhood for Washington's African-American residents. U Street became the city's most important concentration of businesses and entertainment facilities owned and operated by blacks, while the surrounding neighborhood became home to many of the city's most prominent African Americans. Until the 1920s, when it was overtaken by Harlem, the U Street area was home to the largest urban African American community in the United States. [http://www.culturaltourismdc.org/information2550/information.htm?area=2529 U Street/Shaw] ] In its cultural heyday, it was known as "Black Broadway", a phrase coined by singer Pearl Bailey [ [http://www.siteseeingtoursinc.com/walkingtours.htm Duke Ellington's Jazz Tour] , Site Seeing Tours] . Duke Ellington's childhood home was located on 13th street between T and S street. The Lincoln Theater opened in 1921, and Howard Theater in 1926. [cite news |title=A City of Splendid Spaces, Great Events; 4 Landmarks Offer Washingtonians Gateways to a Capital Adventure |publisher=The Washington Post |date=April 22, 2004 |author=Kaiser, Robert G.]

ee also

*
*Ben's Chili Bowl
*The Black Cat (nightclub)
*U St/African-Amer Civil War Memorial/Cardozo (Washington Metro)

References

External links

*" [http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/travel/wash/dc63.htm Greater U Street Historic District] ", "Washington, DC: A National Register of Historic Places Travel Itinerary" (National Park Service)
*cite news
first=Alicia
last=Alt
page=
title=U Street: The Corridor Is Cool Again
date=April 14, 2006
publisher=New York Times
url=http://travel.nytimes.com/2006/04/14/travel/escapes/14washi.html
*cite news
first=Barbara
last=Kiviat
title=U in the District
date=May 9, 2005
publisher=Time
url=http://www.time.com/time/insidebiz/article/0,9171,1056287,00.html
*cite news
first=Diana
last=Kuan
page=
title=U Street, Adams Morgan humming again
date=January 28, 2007
publisher=Boston Globe
url=http://www.boston.com/travel/articles/2007/01/28/u_street_adams_morgan_humming_again/?page=full
*cite news
first=Teresa
last=Wiltz
page=W24
title=U Turn
date=March 5, 2006
publisher=Washington Post
url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/02/28/AR2006022800947.html