40 mm grenade

The 40 mm grenade is a military grenade caliber for grenade launchers in service with many armed forces. There are two main types in service: the 40x46mm, which is a low-velocity round used in hand-held grenade launchers; and the more powerful 40x53mm, used in heavier, mounted and crew-served weapons. The cartridges are not interchangeable.

The less powerful 40x46mm is used in hand-held weapons such as the M79, M203, the XM320, and the multi-shot M32 MGL.

The more powerful 40x53mm is used in grenade launchers mounted on vehicles or tripods, often with automatic firing capabilities such as the Mk 19 grenade launcher, the Mk 47 "Striker" 40 mm Grenade Machine Guns (GMGs), the Heckler & Koch GMG or the South African Vektor Y3 AGL. In these roles, the rounds are linked together with a metallic disintegrating link and fired automatically. The 40x53mm is also used in some mounted helicopter grenade launcher systems, which are electrically powered and primed.

A new 40x51mm cartridge recently (2007) developed in South Africa provides a more powerful alternative for hand-held weapons without increased recoil. A new version of the Milkor MGL chambered for the new round, remains backward compatible with existing 40x46mm rounds.

40x46mm

Hellhound

Martin Electronics Inc. (MEI) manufactures a new range of improved 40x46mm grenades. They claim that their HELLHOUND round has an effective radius ("kill radius") twice that of the standard M433 High Explosive Dual Purpose (HEDP) round.

M79

U.S. military rounds designated specifically for the M79 launcher includes:
*High Explosive (HE) — M381, M386
*Airburst — M397, M397A1
*No. 4 buckshot — M576
*CS gas — M651,
*Practice — M781

M203

U.S. military rounds designated specifically for the M203 launcher includes:
*High Explosive (HE) — M381, M386, M406, M441
*High Explosive Dual Purpose (HEDP) — M433
*Airburst — M397, M397A1
*No. 4 buckshot — M576
*Star parachute (flare) — M583A1
*Star cluster (flare) — M585 (white), M661 (green), M662 (red)
*CS gas — M651,
*Smoke Canopy — M676 (yellow), M680 (white), M682 (red)
*Ground Marker (smoke) — M713 (red), M714 (white), M715 (green), M716 (yellow)
*Practice — M781, M918 (target practice)
*Infra-red illumination — M992
*Non lethal (crowd control)
*Sponge Grenade (crowd control)
* 40 mm Canister Round

40x51mm

Ripple Effect – formerly Milkor – the South African designers of the Milkor MGL ("M32 MGL" in U.S. service) developed a new "Extended Range Low Pressure" (ERLP) 40x51mm cartridge. This round extends the range of the 40 mm grenade from 400 m (440 yd) to 800 m (880 yd). A new version of the MGL, the XRGL40 is chambered for the new round, but can still fire the regular 40x46mm grenade.

40x53mm

Mk 19 Mod 3

U.S. military rounds designated specifically for the Mk 19 grenade launcher includes:
*High Explosive (HE) — M383, M384
*High Explosive Dual Purpose (HEDP) — M430I
*Practice — M385I, M918
*Dummy — M922/M922A1

Mk 47 Mod 0

U.S. military rounds designated specifically for the Mk 47 grenade launcher includes:
* MK285, Programmable Prefragmented High Explosive/Self-Destructible (PPHE/SD)

The 40 mm HE round features a rudimentary proximity device, which prevents the grenade from detonating if it strikes a target too close to the firer.

Other

Other weapons using the 40x46mm round are the Corner Shot 40 grenade launcher, the Milkor MGL Mk-1S Multiple Grenade Launcher, the Penn Arms PGL65-40 'Fourkiller Tactical Model' 40 mm Multiple Grenade Launcher, the Heckler & Koch AG36, the Heckler & Koch GMG grenade autocannon and the Heckler & Koch HK69A1. There is also the CIS 40 AGL and 40LWAGL from Singapore's ST Kinetics.

The Russian GP-30 Obuvka, GP-25 Kastyor, and BG-15 Mukha use a unique type of 40 mm grenade. These grenades are caseless, holding their own propellant within the body of the grenade. The Russian 40 mm grenades are not interchangeable with U.S. 40x46mm and 40x53mm weapons. They also developed a silenced 30mm grenade launcher, the BS-1 "Tishina", using multi-rounds blank cartridge magazine meant to ignite the 30mm HE-DP caseless grenade.

The Metal Storm 40 mm Weapon System is a 4-barrel, 16-round weapon system that also uses 40 mm grenades (stacked), and is designed for mounting on an unmanned ground vehicle. Initial trials are under way to determine suitability for mounting on unmanned aerial vehicles.

Multi caliber Grenade Launchers

As one of the earliest barrel-mounted grenade launchers reaching mass production, the M203 has a huge problem : it cannot be loaded with hi-powered grenades, such as Milkor ERPL or 40x53mm grenades, because of its slide-locking barrel. The manufacturers working on replacements of the M203 had to come up with new ideas so this would be possible with new issued grenade launchers. This resulted in two innovative designs, like the side-loading XM320 and the FN SCAR's Mk13 Mod0 EGLM. The EGLM is innovative, as it opens like the M203 but the barrel can also be pivoted right or left, allowing left and right-handed shooters to load it fast with any ammunition they want.

ee also

*Grenade launcher
*M203 grenade launcher
*United States 40 mm grenades
*Bofors 40 mm gun

External links

* [http://www.inetres.com/gp/military/infantry/grenade/40mm_ammo.html 40mm Low-Velocity Grenades]
* [http://www.defensereview.com/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=440 Defense Review overview of Mk 47 Mod 0 'Striker' 40mm Grenade Machine Gun]
* [http://www.defensereview.com/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=687 Defense Review overview of Corner Shot 40 personal grenade launcher]
* [http://www.defensereview.com/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=554 Defense Review overview of Milkor MGL Mk-1S Multiple Grenade Launcher]
* [http://www.defensereview.com/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=609 Defense Review overview of Penn Arms PGL65-40 'Fourkiller Tactical Model' 40 mm Multiple Grenade Launcher]
* [http://www.pennarms.com/pgl65-40_data_page.htm Penn Arms data page for PGL65-40 6-Shot Grenade Launcher]
* [http://www.defensereview.com/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=717 Defense Review overview of Metal Storm 40mm Weapon System]