Phosphide

Phosphide

In chemistry a phosphide is a compound of phosphorus with a less electronegative element or elements. Binary compounds are formed with the majority of less electronegative elements with the exception of Hg, Pb, Sb, Bi, Te, Po.H.G. Von Schnering, W. Hönle "Phosphides - Solid state chemistry" Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry Ed. R. Bruce King (1994) John wiley & Sons ISBN 0 471 93620 0 ] Typically there are a range of stoichiometries with each element, for example potassium has nine phosphides; (K3P, K4P3, K5P4, KP, K4P6 K3P7, K3P11, KP10.3, KP15) and nickel has eight,( Ni3P, Ni5P2, Ni12P5, NiP2, Ni5P4, NiP, NiP2, NiP3).

Classification is difficult, [ Greenwood&Earnshaw] on structural and reactivity grounds they can be broadly classified::
*principally ionic with P3− ions. these are the group 1 (M3P e.g. Na3P) and group 2 metal (M3P2 e.g. Ca3P2)
*polyphosphides with for example dumbbell P24− ions; cluster ion, P113−; polymeric chain anions (e.g. (the helical (P−)n and complex sheet or 3-D anions.
*compounds with individual P atoms in a metal lattice that can be semiconducting (e.g. GaP) through to metallic in conduction e.g. TaP ["Chemical vapour deposition of group Vb metal phosphide thin films" C. S. Blackman, C. J. Carmalt, S. A. O'Neill, I. P. Parkin, K. C. Molloy and L. Apostolico J. Mater. Chem., 2003, 13, 1930 - 1935, doi|10.1039/b304084b]

Two polyphosphide ions P34− found in K4P3, and P45−, found in in K5P4 are radical anions with an odd number of valence electrons making both compounds paramagnetic.

Examples

"See also "

*Aluminium phosphide (AlP)
*Indium phosphide (InP)
*Calcium phosphide (Ca3P2)
*Copper phosphide (Cu3P)
*Magnesium phosphide (Mg3P2)

References


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  • Phosphide — sind anionische Verbindungen des Phosphors. Sie leiten sich strukturell von den Phosphanen ab. Dabei sind Wasserstoffatome durch Metallionen, wie Lithium oder Natriumionen ersetzt. Phosphide der Alkali und Erdalkalimetalle zählen zu den Zintl… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Phosphide — Phos phide, n. (Chem.) A binary compound of phosphorus. [1913 Webster] …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • Phosphīde — (Phosphorete, Phosphormetalle), Verbindungen des Phosphors mit Metallen, sind indifferent, zum Teil Metallegierungen ähnlich, und werden oft durch Säuren unter Entwickelung von Phosphorwasserstoff zersetzt. Eisenphosphoret findet sich im Roheisen …   Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon

  • phosphide — [fäs′fīd΄] n. a compound consisting of trivalent phosphorus and another element or a radical …   English World dictionary

  • phosphide — /fos fuyd, fid/, n. Chem. a binary compound of phosphorus with a basic element or group. [1840 50; PHOSPH + IDE] * * * ▪ chemical compound       any of a class of chemical compounds in which phosphorus is combined with a metal. The phosphide ion… …   Universalium

  • phosphide — fosfidas statusas T sritis chemija formulė Formulę žr. priede. priedas( ai) Grafinis formatas atitikmenys: angl. phosphide rus. фосфид …   Chemijos terminų aiškinamasis žodynas

  • phosphide — noun Etymology: International Scientific Vocabulary Date: 1849 a binary compound of phosphorus with a more electropositive element or group …   New Collegiate Dictionary

  • phosphide — noun Any binary compound of phosphorus, especially one in oxidation state minus;3 …   Wiktionary

  • phosphide — A compound of phosphorus with valence −3; e.g., sodium p., Na3P. * * * phos·phide .fīd n a binary compound of phosphorus with a more electropositive element or group * * * phos·phide (fosґfīd) any binary compound of phosphorus and another… …   Medical dictionary

  • phosphide — phos·phide || fÉ‘sfaɪd / fÉ’s n. compound containing phosphorus and another basic chemical element or group (Chemistry) …   English contemporary dictionary

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