Hjelmslev's theorem

In geometry, Hjelmslev's theorem, named after Johannes Hjelmslev, is the statement that if points P, Q, R... of one and the same line are isometrically mapped to points P´, Q´, R´... of another line in the same plane, then the midpoints of the segments PP`, QQ´, RR´... also lie on one and the same line.

The proof is easy if one assumes the classification of plane isometries. If the given isometry is odd, in which case it is necessarily either a reflexion in a line or a glide-reflexion (the product of three reflexions in a line and two perpendiculars to it), then the staement is true of any points in the plane whatsoever: the midpoint of PP´ lies upon the axis of the (glide-)reflexion for any P. If the isometry is even, compose it with reflexion in line PQR to obtain an odd isometry with the same effect on P, Q, R... and apply the previous remark.

The importance of the theorem lies in the fact that the proof does "not" presuppose the parallel postulate and is therefore valid in non-Euclidean geometry as well. By its help, the mapping that maps every point P of the plane to the midpoint of the segment P´P´´, where P´and P´´ are the images of P under a rotation (in either sense) by a given acute angle about a given center, is seen to be a collineation mapping the whole hyperbolic plane in a 1-1 way onto the inside of a disk, thus providing a good intuitive notion of the linear structure of the hyperbolic plane.

ources

*George E. Martin, "Foundations of Geometry and the Non-Euclidean Plane"

External links

* [http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/HjelmslevsTheorem/ Hjelmslev's Theorem] by Jay Warendorff, The Wolfram Demonstrations Project.