- Leopard Lizard
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Long-nosed Leopard Lizard 
Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Sauropsida Order: Squamata Suborder: Iguania Family: Crotaphytidae Genus: Gambelia Species: G. wislizenii Binomial name Gambelia wislizenii Synonyms Crotaphytus wislizenii
Baird & Girard, 1852
Crotaphytus gambelii
Baird & Girard, 1852
Crotaphytus fasciatus
Mocquard, 1899
Crotaphytus fasciolatus
Mocquard, 1903The Long-nosed leopard Lizard, Gambelia wislizenii, is a relatively large lizard ranging from 3 1/4-5 3/4 inches (8.2-14.6 cm). It has a large head, long nose, and a long round tail that can be longer than its body. It is closely related to the "Blunt-nosed Leopard Lizard" which closely resembles the Long-nosed Leopard lizard in body proportions, but has a conspicuously blunt snout. They were once considered part of the genus Crotaphytus. The epithet wislizenii is in honor of the German-American surgeon and naturalist Frederick Adolph Wislizenius, who caught the first specimen near Santa Fe, New Mexico.
Contents
Description
The lizard has granular dorsal scales that can be white, cream, or gray with irregular brown or dark gray spots along its body and head. Sometimes they have dark bars across their back. The tail also has dark bars across it. Juveniles have more highly contrasted markings compared to adults, often with rusty coloring on the back or bright red spots, and yellow on the thighs and under the tail.
The male and female are different in appearance. The female is about 5.8 inches and the male is smaller, measuring about 4.8 inches. Both sexes are capable of marked color changes. In its dark phase the lizard's spots are nearly hidden and light crossbars become quite obvious on both the body and the tail. In the light phase the opposite is true with the dominant color consisting of gray, pinkish, brown or yellowish brown hues. During the mating season females will develop reddish orange spots and bars on their sides and underneath the tail when gravid. Males develop pink or rusty wash on the throat, chest, and sometimes the body, during the breeding season.
They are also endangered because to habitat destruction
Distribution and habitat
The "Long-nosed leopard Lizard" prefers to inhabit arid and semiarid plains growth, like bunch grass, alkali bush, sagebrush, creosote bush and other scattered low plants. The ground can be hardpan, sand or even gravel with rocks that may often be used as basking sites. Prefers flat areas with open space for running, avoiding densely vegetated areas. From near Sea Level to around 6,000 ft. (1,830 m.) Its range includes the Western part of the United States from Oregon to Idaho in the north, south to northern Mexico in Baja California, Sonora, Coahuila, and Zacatecas. In San Diego County, it occurs east of the Peninsula Ranges within the Lower Colorado Desert. They are found in desert flats and lower foothills with little vegetation.
Behaviors
The "Long-nosed Leopard Lizard" Lizard is often seen on small rocks along the roadside, preferring direct sunlight when basking. It is diurnal and has the potential to be active all day when the weather is mild to warm. The daily activity cycle starts relatively early (0530-0830; variation depends on location), and after a period of basking, long-nosed leopard lizards begin active hunting and feeding. When in danger, it uses a defense mechanism known as "freeze" behavior, which means it runs underneath a bush, flattens its body against the ground and is motionless until the threat is gone. If the case is extreme enough, such as capture, it is capable of caudal autonomy, or tail separation. Its speed and agility are major contributors to its predatory success as well as its ability to evade becoming prey. When running at rapid speeds they run with forelimbs raised.
Feeding habits
The "Long-nosed Leopard Lizard" preys on small lizards,in addition to insects and sometimes rodents, like all members of the family. This lizard also is cannibalistic, eating smaller Leopard Lizards when the opportunity arises. On occasion, they will eat the young Leopard lizards they hatch but the adults are usually not active during the time period that most young hatch from their eggs. This allows the young time to grow and become more of a contender with the larger adults. Its long nose usually makes its jaw quicker and better for catching vertebrate prey. This species utilizes the stalking and ambush techniques when hunting for prey. As an ambush predator, it lays await in the shadows underneath a bush or small tree, where its spotted pattern blends, waiting for its prey to come within range of being captured. When prey comes too close it uses a rapid pouncing movement to capture the prey in its strong jaws. These lizards have been documented to jumping up to two feet in any direction, including into the air, in order to catch their prey.
Some predators of "Long-nosed Leopard Lizards" include a number of birds, snakes, coyotes, badgers, the Kit fox and more.
Reproduction
The breeding season extends from May to June with a single clutch of 5-6 eggs being laid usually in the months of June and July, which hatch in the late summer months of July and August. During mating no pair bond is formed between adults. A single clutch is usually laid per year but in the warmer climates towards the south, it is possible for a female to spawn up to two clutches per year. Birthing/egg-laying occurs in an underground burrow/den, although no nest structure is formed. Egg incubation is estimated to be between five and seven weeks. Young emerge in August, when adult activity is coming to an end. The timing of the juvenile emergence coinciding with the cessation of adult activity may aid in the prevention of cannibalism .
The blunt-nosed leopard lizard is endangered. It is no longer present throughout most of its former range as the habitat has been significantly altered by farming, urban development, overgrazing, oil wells, mining, reservoirs, and off-road vehicle use. This habitat alteration continues.[1] However, there are no specific conservation concerns for the long-nosed leopard lizard.[2]
References
- [1]
- [2]
- Stebbins, R.C. (2003). Peterson Field Guides: Western Reptiles and Amphibians. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company
- Connant, R. and J.T. Collins. 1998. Reptiles and Amphibians: Eastern/Central North America. Peterson Field Guides. Houghton Mifflin.
- Dixon, James R. 2000. Amphibians and Reptiles of Texas. Texas A&M University Press.
External links
Categories:- Collared lizards
- Reptiles of Mexico
- Reptiles of the United States
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