- Surgical planning
The surgical planning is the preoperative method of pre-visualising a surgical intervention, in order to predefine the surgical steps and furthermore the
bone segment navigation in the context ofcomputer assisted surgery .The surgical planning is most important inneurosurgery andoral and maxillofacial surgery . The transfer of the surgical planning to the patient is generally made using a medical navigation system.Principles of surgical planning
The imagistic
dataset used for surgical planning is mainly based on a CT orMRI . Inoral and maxillofacial surgery , a different, more "traditional" surgical planning can be used fororthognatic surgery , based on cast models fixed into anarticulator .History of the concept
In order to maka a surgical planning, one would need a 3D image of the patient. The starting point was made by G. Hounsfield in the 1970s, by using CT in order to record data about the anatomical situation of the patients [ [http://journals.royalsociety.org/content/9787578652406016/fulltext.pdf Wells PNT: "Sir Godfrey Newbold Hounsfield", Biogr. Mems Fell. R. Soc. 51, 221-235, 2005] ] . In the 1980s, advances were made by the radiologist M. Vannier and his team, by creating the first computed three-dimensional reconstruction from a CT dataset [ [http://radiology.rsnajnls.org/cgi/reprint/150/1/179.pdf Vannier MW, Marsh JL, Warren JO: "Three Dimensional CT Reconstruction Images for Craniofacial Surgical Planning and Evaluation", Radiology, 150(1):179-84, 1984] ] . In the early 1990s, the surgical planning was performed by using stereolithographic models [Klimek L, Klein HM, Schneider W, Mosges R, Schmelzer B, Voy ED: "Stereolithographic modelling for reconstructive head surgery", Acta Oto-Rhino-Laryngologica Belgica, 47(3):329-34, 1993] . During the late 1990s, the first full computer-based virtual surgical planning was made for osteotomies, and then transferred to the operating theatre by a navigation system. [ [http://www.plasreconsurg.com/pt/re/prs/abstract.00006534-199909040-00007.htm;jsessionid=H8FQBGq1ly19ldpw1vTY1LyWGCnvsDrpFpHgTjZ4R9zbvQ5RQVbB!-383192544!181195628!8091!-1 Marmulla R, Niederdellmann H: "Surgical Planning of Computer Assisted Repositioning Osteotomies", Plast Reconstr Surg 104 (4): 938-944, 1999] ] .
References
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