Gaiety Girls

Gaiety Girls were the chorus girls in Edwardian musical comedies, beginning in the 1890s at the Gaiety Theatre, London, in the shows produced by George Edwardes. The popularity of this genre of musical theatre depended, in part, on the beautiful dancing corps of "Gaiety Girls" appearing onstage in bathing attire and in the latest fashions. The 1890s Gaiety Girls were respectable, elegant young ladies, unlike the corseted actresses from London's earlier musical burlesques. [ [http://www.gabrielleray.150m.com/ArchiveTextF/CissyFitzgerald.html Article about the Gaiety Girls in "Pick-Me-Up", London, 24 November 1894, p. 116] , accessed March 9, 2008] Later, even the stars of these musical comedies were referred to as Gaiety Girls. [ [http://www.npg.org.uk/live/gaiety.asp Description of Gaiety Girls exhibition (National Portrait Gallery)] , accessed March 9, 2008]

Description

An American newspaper reviewing "A Gaiety Girl" in 1894 explained the importance of the Gaiety Girls: "The piece is a mixture of pretty girls, English humor, singing, dancing and bathing machines and dresses of the English fashion. The dancing is a special feature of the performance, English burlesques giving much more attention to that feature of their attractiveness than the American entertainments of the same grade do." ["The Brooklyn Daily Eagle", Sunday, 23 December 1894, p.9a.] Many of the best-known London couturiers designed costumes for stage productions by the 1890s. The illustrated periodicals were eager to publish photographs of the actresses in the latest stage hits, and so the theatre became an excellent way for clothiers to publicise their latest fashions. [ [http://www.peopleplayuk.org.uk/collections/object.php?object_id=1739&back=%2Fguided_tours%2Fmusicals_tour%2Ffirst_musicals%2Fgaiety_girls.php%3F Information about the famous costume designes of the musicals (PeoplePlay)] , accessed March 9, 2008]

Gaiety girls were polite, well-behaved young women. They became a popular attraction and a symbol of ideal womanhood. Edwardes arranged with Romano's Restaurant, on the Strand, for his girls to dine there at half-price. It was good exposure for the girls and made Romano's the centre of London's night-life. [ [http://www.arthurlloyd.co.uk/Gaiety.htm Gaiety Theatre "Cuttings" (Arthur Lloyd site)] accessed 01 Mar 2007] Many of the Gaiety Girls, such as Marie Studholme, Ellaline Terriss, Lily Elsie, Cicely Courtneidge, Jessie Matthews, Gladys Cooper, Phyllis Dare, Zena Dare, Mabel Love, Evelyn Laye, Gaby Deslys, Camille Clifford, Gabrielle Ray, Sylvia Grey and Constance Collier, enjoyed very substantial acting careers. [ [http://www.npg.org.uk/live/gaietyexh.asp Profiles and photos of many of the best known Gaiety Girls (National Portrait Gallery] , accessed March 9, 2008] One Gaiety Girl, Mabel Russell, became a Member of Parliament. [cite book |last=Craig |first=F. W. S. |authorlink= F. W. S. Craig |title=British parliamentary election results 1918-1949 |origyear=1969 |edition= 3rd edition |year=1983 |publisher= Parliamentary Research Services |location=Chichester |id= ISBN 0-900178-06-X]

The young ladies appearing in Edwardes's shows became so popular that wealthy gentlemen, termed "Stage Door Johnnies", would wait outside the stage door hoping to escort them to dinner. In some cases, a marriage into society and even the nobility resulted. For example, May Gates, a chorus girl in "The Beauty of Bath", married a nobleman, Baron Von Ditton, of Norway. ["The New York Dramatic Mirror", 18 July 1908, p.3b] Similarly, Sylvia Lillian Storey (1890-1947) another chorister in the same show, married William John Lydson, Earl Poulett ["The New York Dramatic Mirror", 12 September 1908, p.2b.] [ [http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9902E5D61631E233A25755C0A96F9C946997D6CF "NY Times" article about the marriage and other similar matches. 6 September, 1908, p. C1] ] Gertie Millar became the Countess of Dudley, and Olive May married into the peerage twice. First, she became Lady Victor Paget (marrying in 1913 and divorcing in 1921) and then the Countess of Drogheda (marrying the 10th Earl in 1922).

Alan Hyman, an expert on burlesque theatre who penned the 1972 book "The Gaiety Years", wrote:

At the old Gaiety in the Strand the chorus was becoming a matrimonial agency for girls with ambitions to marry into the peerage and began in the nineties when Connie Gilchrist, a star of the Old Gaiety, married the 7th Earl of Orkney and then in 1901, the 4th Marquess of Headfort married Rosie Boote, who had charmed London the previous year when she sang Maisie in "The Messenger Boy". After Connie Gilchrist and Rosie Boote had started the fashion a score of the Guv'nor's budding stars left him to marry peers or men of title while other Gaiety Girls settled for a banker or a stockbroker. The Guv’nor finding this was playing ducks and drakes with his theatrical plans had a 'nuptial clause' inserted in every contract.... Debutantes were competing with the other girls to get into the Gaiety chorus while upper-class youths were joining the ranks of the chorus boys. [ [http://www.happenstances.com/other.html Information about the stagedoor Johnnie marriages] ]

Notes

References

* [http://www.dgillan.screaming.net/stage/th-frames.html?http&&&www.dgillan.screaming.net/stage/th-peerge.html Article about marriage between Gaiety Girls and noblemen]
*Hyman, Alan. "The Gaiety Years" (Cassell, 1975) ISBN 0304293725
*Jupp, James. [http://www.archive.org/stream/gaietystagedoort00juppuoft/gaietystagedoort00juppuoft_djvu.txt "The Gaiety Stage Door: Thirty Years' Reminiscences of the Theatre"] (1923) London:Jonathan Cape

External links

* [http://www.arthurlloyd.co.uk/Archive/August/page1.htm Feature on Gaiety Girls at the Arthur Lloyd website]