List of Canadian politicians who have crossed the floor

This is a list of Canadian politicians who have crossed the floor, in that they have changed party affiliation. These are Members of Parliament (MPs) unless otherwise noted.

* MPPs are Members of Provincial Parliament of Ontario
* MNAs are Members of the National Assembly of Quebec
* MHAs are Members of the House of Assembly of Newfoundland and Labrador
* MLAs are Members of the Legislative Assembly of other provinces

Pre-confederation

*1866: Andrew Rainsford Wetmore, Anti-Confederate in the New Brunswick colonial legislature, joins the Confederation Party after failing to win a desired cabinet post.

1860s

*September 1 1868: Stewart Campbell, formerly an Anti-Confederate MP, becomes a Liberal-Conservative member.
*January 30 1869: The Anti-Confederate Party, which opposed Nova Scotia joining Confederation, collapses. Members scatter among different parties:
**Conservative: Alfred William Savary
**Liberal-Conservative: Archibald Woodbury McLelan, James Charles McKeagney, Hugh McDonald, Edmund Mortimer McDonald, Joseph Howe, Thomas Coffin and Hugh Cameron.
**Liberal: James William Carmichael, William Henry Chipman, James Fraser Forbes, William Ross, William Hallett Ray, Patrick Power,
**Independent: Alfred Gilpin Jones
*October 9 1869: Richard John Cartwright, formerly a Liberal-Conservative MP, he became a Liberal MP after being denied a position in the cabinet.

1870s

*1873: Newton LeGayet MacKay leaves the Conservatives for the Liberals.
*1874: Samuel McDonnell leaves the Conservatives for the Liberals
*1879: Five Quebec MLAs leave the Quebec Liberals for the Conservatives, causing the government to fall:
**Alexandre Chauveau
**Edmund James Flynn
**Louis Napoléon Fortin
**Étienne-Théodore Pâquet
**Ernest Racicot

1880s

*1887: Guillaume Amyot leaves the Conservative caucus to sit as a Nationalist. He later changes his designation to Nationalist Conservative.

1910s

*1911: Louis-Joseph Papineau, Liberal MP since 1908, re-elected as a Conservative in 1911.

"As a result of the Conscription Crisis of 1917, Conservative Prime Minister Sir Robert Borden forms a Union Government in an attempt to win support across party lines. Opposition leader Sir Wilfrid Laurier refuses to support the new government but many of his MPs cross the floor to support the new government either as Unionist or Liberal-Unionist candidates in the Canadian federal election of 1917. Those loyal to Laurier run as Laurier-Liberals. Conversely, a number of Quebec Conservative MPs abandon Borden over the conscription issue and join the Liberals."

*1917: Louis-Joseph Papineau, leaves the Conservatives to run as a Laurier-Liberal as a result of the Conscription Crisis.
*1917: Robert Lorne Richardson, elected in the 1911 election as a Liberal (but previously sitting as variously a Liberal, Independent Liberal, Independent, and Independent Conservative) runs in the 1917 election as a Unionist.
*1917: Honoré Achim crosses the floor from the Conservatives to the Liberals over the conscription issue. Does not run for re-election.
*1917: William Andrew Charlton leaves the Liberal Party of Canada to run successfully as a Liberal-Unionist in the 1917 election over conscription.
*1917: John Gillanders Turriff, sat as a Liberal since 1891, runs successfully as a Unionist in the 1917 election.
*1917: Alphonse Verville, Labour MP since 1906 runs and re-elected as a Laurier-Liberal in 1917.
*1917: Levi Thomson, a Liberal MP since 1904, re-elected as a Unionist in 1917.
*1917: Frederick Forsyth Pardee, Liberal MP since 1905 re-elected as a Liberal-Unionist in 1917.
*1917: Edward Walter Nesbitt, Liberal MP since 1908, re-elected as a Unionist in 1917.
*1917: Hugh Havelock McLean, Liberal MP since 1908, re-elected as a Unionist in 1917.
*1917: Thomas MacNutt, Liberal MP since 1908, re-elected as a Unionist in 1917.
*1917: Alexander Kenneth MacLean, Liberal MP since 1900, re-elected as a Unionist in 1917.
*1917: William Stewart Loggie, Liberal MP since 1904, re-elected as a Unionist in 1917.
*1917: Hugh Guthrie, Liberal MP since 1900, re-elected as a Unionist in 1917.
*1917: William Stevens Fielding, Liberal MP since 1896, re-elected as a Liberal-Unionist in 1917.
*1917: James McCrie Douglas, Liberal since 1909, re-elected as a Unionist in 1917.
*1917: Michael Clark, Liberal since 1908, re-elected as a Liberal-Unionist in 1917.
*1917: Frank Broadstreet Carvell, Liberal MP since 1900, joins Borden's Cabinet as Minister of Public Works in October 1917 and runs as a Liberal-Unionist in the subsequent election.
*1917: William Ashbury Buchanan, Liberal MP since 1911, re-elected as a Unionist in 1917.
*1919: Andrew Knox, elected as a Liberal-Unionist in 1917, joins the Progressives in 1919.
*1919: George William Andrews, elected as the Liberal-Unionist MP for Winnipeg Centre in 1917, becomes an Independent on June 2 1919 in protest of the government's handling of the Winnipeg General Strike.

1930s

*October 14 1935: Henry Herbert Stevens, Minister of Trade and Commerce in the Conservative government of R.B. Bennett, leaves the party to form the Reconstruction Party of Canada, but then rejoined the Conservatives in 1938.

1950s

*1952: Tilly Rollston - British Columbia Progressive Conservative MLA crossed the floor to join the British Columbia Social Credit Party of W.A.C. Bennett.
*1955: Ross Thatcher - Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) MP from Saskatchewan leaves the party to sit as an Independent. He runs as a Liberal in the 1957 election but is defeated. Subsequently becomes leader of the Liberal Party of Saskatchewan and then Premier of Saskatchewan.
*1955: Sam Drover leaves the Liberal Party of Newfoundland and Labrador to become the province's first MHA representing the CCF, losing his seat in the next year's election.

1960s

*1962: Failed New Democratic Party (NDP) leadership contender and former CCF leader Hazen Argue crosses the floor to the Liberals.
*1967: Social Credit Party of Canada MP Bud Olson crosses the floor to the Liberals.
*1967 - René Lévesque, Quebec MNA for Montreal-Laurier, Quebec Liberal Party to independent. Lévesque later formed the Mouvement Souveraineté-Association and then the "Parti Québécois", on whose ticket he was re-elected in 1976.
*1968: Social Credit leader and MP Robert N. Thompson joins the Progressive Conservative Party.
*1969: Liberal MP Perry Ryan (Spadina) quits the Liberal Party to sit as an independent because of the Trudeau government's policies on NATO and its decision to recognize the People's Republic of China. In 1970 Ryan joined the Progressive Conservatives, but lost his seat (coming 3rd) in the 1972 federal election.

1970s

*1971 - Paul Hellyer, who had left the Liberal caucus to sit as an Independent Liberal and subsequently attempted to form a new party, Action Canada, joined the Progressive Conservatives, and sought its leadership in 1976. (In 1982, outside of Parliament and the political spotlight, he rejoined the Liberals, in 1995 formed the Canadian Action Party, and in the 2000s sought to merge it with the NDP.)
*1972: Raymond Rock physically crossed the floor from the Liberals caucus to join the Progressive Conservatives.
*1974 Garde Gardom, Pat McGeer, and Alan Williams, all Liberal MLA crossed to Social Credit
*1974 Hugh Curtis, BC Conservative MLA crossed to Social Credit
*1975 Frank Calder MLA for Atlin since 1949 crossed floor from NDP to Social Credit.
*1977 - Jack Horner, Progressive Conservatives to Liberals; joined Pierre Trudeau's cabinet. Defeated as Liberal candidate in 1979.
*1977 - Colin Thatcher, Saskatchewan MLA for Thunder Creek, Liberals to the Conservatives.
*1978 - James Armstrong Richardson leaves the Liberals by physically crossing the floor to sit as an independent MP.

1980s

*1980: Thomas Rideout, Liberal Party of Newfoundland and Labrador MHA, crosses the floor to join the Progressive Conservative Party of Newfoundland and Labrador over disputes with the federal government concerning control of offshore mineral resources.
*1982: Peter Ittinuar, MP, New Democrats to Liberals
*1985 Alan Lawrence Passarell MLA for Atlin that defeated Frank Calder crosses from NDP to Social Credit
*1985 Graham Lea Prince Rupert MLA left the NDP after he was badly defeated in the NDP leadership race. He joined the rencently formed but short lived United Party of BC and then joined the British Columbia Conservative Party becoming its last ever MLA.
*1986: Gilles Roch, Manitoba Liberal Party MLA, defects to the Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba after being denied permission to run as a Liberal candidate.
*1986: David Ramsay, Ontario MPP, Ontario New Democratic Party to Ontario Liberal Party
*1986: Tony Lupusella, Ontario MPP, Ontario New Democratic Party to Ontario Liberal Party

1990s

*1990: Lucien Bouchard, MP, Progressive Conservatives to independent; with other MPs, he formed the "Bloc Québécois".
*1990: David Kilgour, MP, Progressive Conservatives to independent, and later to Liberals. In 2005, Kilgour left the Liberal Party to sit as an independent.
*1990: Jean Lapierre, Liberal MP for Shefford, Quebec, leaves Liberal caucus to sit as a member of the "Bloc Québécois". Lapierre would eventually return as a Liberal and was elected to the House of Commons in 2004.
*1992: Richard Holden (politician), Quebec MNA for Westmount, Equality Party to independent to "Parti Québécois". This move was seen as unusual as the Equality Party, a federalist English-rights party, was the ideological opposite of the PQ.
*1993: Gordon Wilson and Judi Tyabji, British Columbia MLAs, British Columbia Liberal Party to the Progressive Democratic Alliance they founded.
*1994: Jag Bhaduria leaves the Liberal caucus to sit as an Independent. In 1996, he styled himself Liberal Democrat; while not a registered political party, this identification was recognized in Hansard. In 1997, he re-offered for his seat as an Independent, and was defeated.
*1995: Richard Neufeld, Lyall Hanson, Len Fox and Jack Weisgerber MLAs left Social Credit to join Reform Party of British Columbia
*1996: John Nunziata, expelled from the Liberal caucus as a result of voting against the 1996 budget in protest, claiming a broken promise on the elimination of the Goods and Services Tax. He was re-elected as an independent in 1997
*1997 Richard Neufeld MLA left Reform Party of British Columbia for the British Columbia Liberal Party
*1997: Gordon Wilson after being re-elected as a Progressive Democrat, Progressive Democratic Alliance to the British Columbia New Democratic Party; joined Glen Clark's cabinet.
*1998: Alex Cullen, Ontario MPP, Ontario Liberal Party to independent, and the Ontario New Democratic Party eight days later.
*1999: Angela Vautour leaves the New Democratic caucus for the Progressive Conservative caucus.
*1999: Anna-Marie Castrilli, Ontario MPP, Ontario Liberal Party to Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario after losing the Liberal nomination in York Centre to Monte Kwinter (a reduction in ridings had forced the two MPPs to compete for the nomination). However, rather than running in York Centre, Castrilli runs in the 1999 provincial election in Parkdale—High Park against Liberal MPP Gerard Kennedy and is defeated.

2000s

*April 2000 - André Harvey, MP, Progressive Conservative to independent.
*September 12 2000 - David Price, MP, and Diane St-Jacques, MP, Progressive Conservative to Liberal; André Harvey, former PC MP, independent since April, also joined the Liberals at the same announcement. St-Jacques and Price reportedly told PC leader Joe Clark months earlier that they would leave the party. [http://www.craigmarlatt.com/canada/history&people/canada_y2k.html]
*September 27 2000 - Rick Laliberte, NDP MP, sits as a Liberal and later switched to independent for the 2004 election.
*2001 - Jean-Guy Carignan, Liberal MP, to Independent-Liberal, to Liberal to Independent.
*2001 - MPs Art Hanger, Chuck Strahl, Gary Lunn, Jim Pankiw, Val Meredith, Grant McNally, Jay Hill, Jim Gouk, Monte Solberg, Andy Burton, Brian Fitzpatrick, Deborah Grey, and Inky Mark were either expelled from or voluntarily left the Canadian Alliance caucus after publicly criticizing party leader Stockwell Day, and sat as an "Independent Alliance Caucus". Hanger, Gouk, Solberg, Fitzpatrick and Burton returned to the Alliance at the end of the summer; the remaining MPs continued to sit as the Democratic Representative Caucus. All but Mark and Pankiw eventually rejoined the Alliance by 2002.
*2002 - Inky Mark, Democratic Representative Caucus MP to independent, then later to the Progressive Conservatives.
*2002 - Jim Pankiw, Democratic Representative Caucus was denied permission to rejoin the Canadian Alliance and sat the remainder of his term as an independent MP.
*May 2002 - Dennis Fentie, MLA for the Yukon New Democratic Party, leaves the party to join the conservative Yukon Party.
*2002 - Joe Peschisolido, Canadian Alliance MP to Liberal.
*2002 - Ghislain Lebel, Bloc Québécois MP, to independent.
*2003 - Pierre Brien, Bloc Québécois MP, to independent.
*December 11 2003 - Scott Brison, Progressive Conservative MP to Liberals on the former's merger into the Conservative Party. Also Robert Lanctôt, Bloc Québécois MP, to Liberal.
*February 17 2004 - John Bryden, Liberal MP sits as an Independent.
*February 25 2004 - John Bryden, Independent MP, sits with the new Conservative Party. He subsequently lost the Conservative nomination in his riding held shortly after his switch.
*January 14 2004 - Keith Martin, Canadian Alliance MP, sits as an Independent and announces he intends to seek the Liberal Party's nomination for his riding to protest the former's merger into the Conservative Party. He subsequently won the nomination, won the election and now sits in the Liberal caucus.
*June 8 2004 - Anne Cools, appointed to the Senate as a Liberal, announces that she will be crossing the floor to sit as a Conservative.
*June 29 2004 - Gary Masyk, Alberta MLA, crosses the floor from the Alberta Progressive Conservative Party to the Alberta Alliance Party.
*November 22 2004 - Carolyn Parrish, Liberal MP, was suspended from the caucus on November 18 after public comments about the Liberal party and Prime Minister Paul Martin. She decided to sit as an Independent member four days later.
*2005 - David Kilgour, MP, Liberals to independent.
*May 17 2005 - Belinda Stronach, MP, Conservative Party to Liberals and joined Paul Martin's cabinet.
*June 6 2005 - Pat O'Brien, Liberals sits as an Independent MP.
*October 17 2005 - Bev Desjarlais, NDP, sits as an Independent MP after losing her party's nomination for an upcoming election
*January 13 2006 - Frank Branch, dean of the New Brunswick legislature and MLA for Nepisiguit, switches his affiliate from Liberal to independent pending a police investigation into his business practices
*February 6 2006 - David Emerson, MP, Liberals to Conservatives and joined Stephen Harper's cabinet two weeks after the election.
*February 21 2006 - Michael Malley, New Brunswick MLA for Miramichi-Bay du Vin, Progressive Conservative to independent, after being turned down for a New Brunswick cabinet position and other demands. This move changed the balance of power from a majority government to a minority government in the New Brunswick Legislative Assembly.
*April 13 2006 - Michael Malley switches from independent back to Progressive Conservative while serving as speaker. This is seen as precedent setting.
*January 5 2007 - Wajid Khan, MP, leaves the Liberals and joins the Conservatives.
*March 29 2007 - Tim Peterson, MPP in Ontario leaves the Liberals to sit as an independent. On June 6 2007 Peterson joins the Progressive Conservatives.
*April 17 2007 - Joan MacAlpine-Stiles and Wally Stiles, spouses and MLAs in the New Brunswick legislature, leave the Progressive Conservative Party of New Brunswick and join the governing New Brunswick Liberal Association.
*August 30 2008 - Blair Wilson, independent MP who resigned from the Liberal caucus due to allegations of financial impropriety, joins the Green Party of Canada becoming its first ever Member of Parliament.

Other changes

The following list contains items that, while not generally considered crossing the floor, may be similar in nature.
*In 1979, Pauline Jewett, who had been a Liberal MP from 1963 to 1965, returns to Parliament as a New Democrat.
*In 1998, Jean Charest, leader of the federal Progressive Conservatives, left Parliament to become leader of the provincial Quebec Liberal Party. With no wing of the Progressive Conservative party active provincially in Quebec, and considerable overlap in membership and support between these parties, this was not generally seen as crossing the floor. Charest stated that he continued to support the federal Progressive Conservatives.
*February 2 2004 - André Bachand, Joe Clark, and John Herron remain Progressive Conservative MPs (and are officially designated as Independent Progressive Conservatives) when the Progressive Conservative Party merges with the Canadian Alliance to form the Conservative Party of Canada. Herron runs as a Liberal candidate in the 2004 election but is unsuccessful.
*In 2004, former NDP MP Chris Axworthy, who had resigned from Parliament in 1999, attempts to return to the House of Commons as a Liberal but is unsuccessful. He suffers a second defeat in 2006.
*Former British Columbia NDP Premier Ujjal Dosanjh was elected as a Liberal MP in the 2004 federal election.
*Former Ontario NDP Premier and MP Bob Rae announced his candidacy for the leadership of the federal Liberals in 2006, and was re-elected to Parliament as a Liberal in 2008.
*Françoise Boivin, a former Liberal MP who was defeated in the 2006 election, left the Liberal Party in 2008 and is now a candidate for the New Democratic Party in the next federal election.

ee also

*List of Canadian politicians who have switched parties

External links

* [http://www2.parl.gc.ca/Parlinfo/lists/CrossedTheFloor.aspx?Language=E&Menu=HOC-Politic&Section=03d93c58-f843-49b3-9653-84275c23f3fb Members of the House of Commons who Crossed the Floor of the House of Commons or who Changed Parties (Parliament of Canada)]