- Plymouth Breakwater
Plymouth Breakwater is a 1,560 metre/1,700 yard stone breakwater protecting
Plymouth Sound and the anchorages therein. It is 13 metres/40 feet wide at the top and the base is 65 metres/200 feet. It lies in about 10 metres/30 feet of water. Around 4 million tons of rock were used in its construction in 1812 at the then-colossal cost of £1.5 million.History
In 1806, as the
Napoleonic Wars impended, Lord St. Vincent commissioned John Rennie andJoseph Whidbey to plan a means of making Plymouth Bay a safe anchorage for theChannel Fleet . In 1811 came the order to begin construction; Whidbey was appointed Acting Superintending Engineer. This task required great engineering, organizational and political skills, as the many strictly technical challenges were complicated by the significant resources devoted to the project, from which various parties evidenced a desire for advantage. Nearly 4,000,000 (four million) tons of stone were quarried and transported, using about a dozen ships innovatively designed by the two engineers.The foundation stone was laid on Shovel Rock
August 8 ,1812 . It followed a line over Panther Rock, Shovel and St. Carlos Rocks, and was sufficiently completed by 1814 to shelter ships of the line. Whidbey continued to work on the breakwater and other engineering projects, including the breakwater's lighthouse (designed by Trinity House), until retirement around 1830. It was finished by 1841, the final work being finished by Rennie's son, Sir John Rennie.Trivia
Napoleon was reported as commenting that the breakwater was a grand thing, as he passed by it on the way to exile on St. Helena in 1815.
A paper to the
Royal Society suggests that Whidbey found many fossils as a result of the quarrying necessary to the breakwater.cite web
url=http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0261-0523(1821)111%3C133%3AAFAOFB%3E2.0.CO%3B2-J
title=A Farther Account of Fossil Bones Discovered in Caverns Inclosed in the Lime Stone Rocks at Plymouth|year=1817
author=Joseph Whidbey
accessdate = 2007-02-01
publisher=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Vol. 111, 1821 (1821), pp. 133-135]References
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