Al-Dhahabi

Al-Dhahabi

Full name	Al-Dhahabi
Born	673 AH / 1274
Died	748 AH[1] / 1348
Era	Medieval era
Region	Syrian scholar
School	Shafi'i
Main interests	History
Influenced Ibn Kathir, Taj al-Din al-Subki

Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn `Uthman ibn Qaymaz ibn `Abd Allah, Shams al-Din Abu `Abd Allah al-Turkmani al-Diyarbakri al-Fariqi al-Dimashqi al-Dhahabi al-Shafi`i (Arabic: محمد بن احمد بن عثمان بن قيوم ، أبو عبد الله شمس الدين الذهبي‎), known as Al-Dhahabi (1274–1348^[2]), a Shafi'i Muhaddith and historian of Islam.

Biography

Al-Dhahabi was born in Damascus in 1274 CE/673 AH, where his family had lived from the time of his grandfather `Uthman. He sometimes identified himself as Ibn al-Dhahabi (son of the goldsmith) in reference to his father's profession. He began his study of hadith at age eighteen, travelling from Damascus to Baalbek, Homs, Hama, Aleppo, Nabulus, Cairo, Alexandria, Jerusalem, Hijaz, and elsewhere, after which he returned to Damascus, where he taught and authored many works and achieved wide renown as a perspicuous critic and expert examiner of the hadith, encyclopedic historian and biographer, and foremost authority in the canonical readings of the Qur'an. He lost his sight two years before he died, leaving three children: his eldest daughter Amat al-`Aziz and his two sons `Abd Allah and Abu Hurayra `Abd al-Rahman. The latter taught the hadith masters Ibn Nasir al-Din al-Dimashqi^[3] and Ibn Hajar, to whom he transmitted several works authored or narrated by his father.

Teachers

Among al-Dhahabi's most notable teachers in hadith, fiqh and aqida:

• Taqi ad-Din Ahmad ibn Taymiyyah.
• Ibn al-Zahiri, Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn `Abd Allah al-Halabi
• Sharaf al-Din al-Dimyati, `Abd al-Mu'min ibn Khalaf, the foremost Egyptian authority on hadith in his time
• Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Daqiq al-`Id, whom he identified in his youth as Abu al-Fath al-Qushayri, later as Ibn Wahb.<sup>[4]</sup>
• Jamal al-Din Abu al-Ma`ali Muhammad ibn `Ali al-Ansari al-Zamalkani al-Dimashqi al-Shafi`i (d. 727), whom he called "Qadi al-Qudat, the Paragon of Islam, the standard-bearer of the Sunna, my shaykh".
• Al-Abarquhi, Ahmad ibn Ishaq ibn Muhammad al-Misri (d. 701), from which al-Dhahabi received the Suhrawardi Sufi path.^[5]

Works

He authored nearly a hundred works, some of them of considerable size:

• Tarikh al-Islam al-kabir. (Major History of Islam); Ibn Hajar received it from Abu Hurayra ibn al-Dhahabi.^[6]
• Siyar a`lam al-nubala'. (The Lives of Noble Figures), 23 volumes, a unique encyclopedia of biographical history.
• Tadhhib Tahdhib al-Kamal, an abridgement of al-Mizzi's abridgement of al-Maqdisee's Al-Kamal fi Asma' al-Rijal, a compendium of historical biographies for hadith narrators cited in the Six major Hadith collections.
  • Al-Kashif fi Ma`rifa Man Lahu Riwaya fi al-Kutub al-Sitta, an abridgment of the Tadhhib.
    • Al-Mujarrad fi Asma' Rijal al-Kutub al-Sitta, an abridgment of the Kashif.
• Mukhtasar Kitab al-Wahm wa al-Iham li Ibn al-Qattan.
• Mukhtasar Sunan al-Bayhaqi, an abridgement of Bayhaqi's Sunan al-Kubara.
• Mukhtasar al-Mustadrak li al-Hakim, an abdridgement of Hakim's Al-Mustadrak alaa al-Sahihain.
• Al-Amsar Dhawat al-Athar (Cities Rich in Historical Relics), which begins with the description of Madina al-Munawwara.
• Al-Tajrid fi Asma' al-Sahaba, a dictionary of the Companions.
• Tadhkirat al-huffaz. (The Memorial of the Hadith Masters), a chronological history of the biography of hadith masters. Ibn Hajar received it from Abu Hurayra ibn al-Dhahabi.^[7]
• Al-Mu`in fi Tabaqat al-Muhaddithin, a compendium of hadith scholars (Muhaddithin).
• Tabaqat al-Qurra (Biography-Layers of the Qur'anic Scholars).
• Duwal al-Islam, a condensed history with emphasis on political figures and events.
• Al-Kaba'ir (The Enormities)
• Manaaqib Al-imam Abu Hanifa wa saahibayhi Abu Yusuf wa Muhammad Ibn al-Hasan (The Honoured status of Imam Abu Hanifa and his two companions, Abu Yusuf and Muhammad ibn Al-Hasan)

See also

• Islamic scholars

References

1. ^ USC-MSA Compendium of Muslim Texts
2. ^ Hoberman, Barry (September–October 1982). "The Battle of Talas", Saudi Aramco World, p. 26-31. Indiana University.
3. ^ al-Sakhawi, al-Daw' al-Lami` (8:103).
4. ^ Cf. al-`Uluw (Abu al-Fath) and al-Muqiza (Ibn Wahb).
5. ^ Siyar A`lam al-Nubala [SAN] (17:118–119 #6084, 16:300–302 #5655).
6. ^ Ibn Hajar, al-Mu`jam (p. 400 #1773)
7. ^ Ibn Hajar, al-Mu`jam (p. 400 #1774).

Persondata
Name	Al-Dhahabi
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	1274
Place of birth	Damascus
Date of death	1348
Place of death