Sulfadoxine

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ImageFile=Sulfadoxine.pngImageSize=200px
IUPACName=4-Amino-"N"-(5,6-dimethoxy-4-pyrimidinyl)benzenesulfonamide
OtherNames=Sulfadoxine
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PubChem=17134
SMILES=COC1=C(N=CN=C1OC)NS(=O)(=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)N
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Formula=C₁₂H₁₄N₄O₄S
MolarMass=310.33 g/mol
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Sulfadoxine (also spelled sulphadoxine) is an ultra-long-lasting sulfonamide often used in combination with pyrimethamine to treat or prevent malaria. [http://www.malaria-ipca.com/sulphadoxine_pyrimethamine.html Medical Treatment - Sulphadoxine and Pyrimethamine ] ] It is also used, usually in combination with other drugs, to treat or prevent various infections in livestock. [http://en.scientificcommons.org/19483411]

ulfadoxine/pyrimethamine combination

Both drugs are antifolates; they inhibit the production of enzymes involved in the synthesis of folic acid within the parasites. Either drug by itself is only moderately effective in treating malaria, because the parasite "Plasmodium falciparum" may be able to use exogenous folic acid, i.e. folic acid which is present in the parasite's environment, while in combination, the two substances have a synergistic effect which outbalances that ability. [ [http://www.ajtmh.org/cgi/content/abstract/33/3/325 Synergistic Antimalarial Activity of Pyrimethamine and Sulfadoxine against Plasmodium falciparum In Vitro - Chulay et al. 33 (3): 325 - American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene ] ] The combination is considered to be more effective in treating malaria caused by "Plasmodium falciparum" than that caused by "Plasmodium vivax", for which chloroquine is considered more effective, though in the absence of a species-specific diagnosis the sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine combination may be indicated. [ [http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/297/20/2201 JAMA - Abstract: Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine, Chlorproguanil-Dapsone, or Chloroquine for the Treatment of Plasmodium vivax Malaria in Afghanistan and Pakistan: A Randomized Controlled Trial, May 23/30, 2007, Leslie et al. 297 (20): 2201 ] ] Due to side effects, however, it is no longer recommended as a routine preventative, but only to treat serious malaria infections or to prevent them in areas where other drugs may not work. [ [http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/drug-information/DR600357 Pyrimethamine and Sulfadoxine (Oral Route) - MayoClinic.com ] ]

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