Jacobus Latomus

Infobox academic
name = Jacobus Latomus


image_width = 250px
caption = Jacobus Latomus from Boissard's "Bibliotheca chalcographica" (1669)
birth_date = ca. 1475
birth_place = Cambron, present-day France [Smolinsky, par. 1.]
death_date = 29 May Death year and age|1544|1475
death_place = Leuven, Flanders
nationality = Flemish
field =
work_institutions = Catholic University of Leuven
religion = Roman Catholic
footnotes =

Jacobus Latomus (or Jacques Masson) (ca. 1475, Cambron - 29 May 1544, Leuven) [cite web | last = Ratnikas | first = Algis | title = Timeline Belgium | work = Timelines of History | url = http://timelines.ws/countries/BELGIUM.HTML | accessdate =2008-02-20] [Juhász, 320.] was a Flemish theologian, a distinguished member of the Faculty of Theology at the Catholic University of Leuven. Latomus was a theological adviser to the Inquisition, and his exchange with William Tyndale is particularly noted. The general focus of his academic work centered on refuting Martin Luther and the Protestant Reformation, defending the divine right of the papacy and the hierarchy of the Roman Catholic Church. [Smolinsky, par. 1.]

Academic career

Latomus completed his studies in Paris at the Collège de Montaigu, where he obtained a doctorate in theology in 1519. In the same year, he began teaching theology in Leuven, becoming a full professor in 1535. Having risen to the post of dean of the Faculty of Theology, he became rector of the University of Leuven in 1537. [Smolinsky, par. 1.]

His first work was published in 1519, a criticism of Biblical language studies at the Collège des Trois Langues in Leuven, as well as work against Desiderius Erasmus, which initiated a long-standing literary dispute between Erasmus and Latomus. Other writings included criticism of Martin Luther, a defense of the theologians of Leuven, and arguments against Johannes Oecolampadius and Philipp Melanchthon. [Smolinsky, par. 1.]

Deportment

Nicholas Crane has described Latomus as a "tiny, chilling, man with thin lips, dark, bagged eyes and a limp". [Crane, 77.] Erasmus referred to his opponent's limp, assigning him the "Hephestion", a reference to the crippled metal-smith of Greek mythology. [Crane, 77.]

Latomus was a canon of St. Peter's Church, Leuven and was a prominent voice against Erasmus for twenty years. He was also an experienced inquisitor; [Wilkinson, par. 2.] indeed, he has been labeled "the greatest heresy-hunter in Europe" among his contemporaries. [Daniell, 154.] Despite his fearsome academic reputation, his responses to William Tyndale were both precise and courteous. [Daniell, 154.] 

Refutations of Tyndale

While in prison for charges relating to his translation of the Bible into English, William Tyndale was questioned by Latomus, whose task was to determine that Tyndale's views were heretical and that he would not abandon them. [Juhász, 320.] It is possible that Tyndale's charge of heresy was determined long before the exchange, and that the sole goal of Latomus's examination was to bring Tyndale back to before he was burned at the stake. [Daniell, 155.]

Tyndale set out his views in writing, and Latomus answered them; Tyndale in turn produced a book in two parts as a reply, a work which is now lost. [Juhász, 320.] At Tyndale's request, Latomus countered the two parts of this book in two different writings. Latomus's replies, along with his first letter, were collected by his nephew into a work called "Refutations against Tyndale" (1550), which included an introduction by Livinus Crucius, the parish priest of the Flemish village of Boeschepe. [Juhász, 320.] Latomus clearly intended these works to edify, not as a solely personal academic exchange. [Juhász, 320.]

Latomus's works are important, as they have allowed a credible reconstruction of Tyndale's views; it is also apparent that Latomus either did not know of Tyndale's translation of the Bible or did not think it worth mentioning - evincing that the precise charge brought against Tyndale at the time was not translating the Bible, but the heresy of Lutheranism. [Juhász, 321.]

Bibliography

*"De trium linguarum et studii theologici ratione dialogus" (Antwerp, 1519)
*:A criticism of the "Collège des Trois Langues", founded in Louvain by Erasmus. [Kawerau, 421.]
*"Articulorum doctrinae fratris M. Lutheri per theologos Lovanienses damnatorum ratio ex sacris literis et veteribus tractatoribus" (Antwerp, 1521)
*:A defense of the theologians of Louvain against Melanchthon and the Lutherans. [Kawerau, 421.]
*"De primatus pontificis adversus Lutherum" (1525)
*:A response to Luther's reply to "Articulorum doctrinae fratris M. Lutheri..." [Kawerau, 421.]
*"De confessione secreta" (Antwerp, 1525)
*:An attack on Johannes Oecolampadius and Beatus Rhenanus. [Kawerau, 421.]
*"Confutationum adversus Guililmum Tindalum" (1542)
*:Refutations of William Tyndale. [See [http://www.tyndale.org/Reformation/1/latomus2.pdf Book Three of the "Refutations"] ]
*"Duae epistolae, una in libellum de ecclesia, Philippo Melanchthoni adscripta; altera contra orationem factiosorum in comitiis Ratisbonensibus habitam" (Antwerp, 1544)
*:A treatise on doctrinal problems. [Kawerau, 421.]
*"Opera omnia" (Louvain, 1550)
*:His complete works. [Kawerau, 421.]

References

Works cited

*cite book | last = Crane | first = Nicholas | title = Mercator: The Man Who Mapped the Planet | publisher = Macmillan | date = 2003 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=uLsDOBCzy9UC&dq=&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0 | isbn = 0805066241
*cite book | last = Daniell | first = David | title = The Bible in English: Its History and Influence | publisher = Yale University Press | date = 2003 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=uaMY9HQKwvMC&dq=&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0 | isbn = 0300099304
*cite book | last =Juhász | first = Gergely | coauthors = Paul Arblaster | editor = Johan Leemans | title = More Than a Memory: The Discourse of Martyrdom and the Construction of Christian Identity in the History of Christianity | chapter = Can Translating the Bible Be Bad for Your Health?: William Tyndale and the Falsification of Memory | publisher = Peeters Publishers | date = 2005 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=mfZlsUVYClwC&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0 | isbn = 9042916885
*cite encyclopedia | last = Kawerau | first = G. | title = Latomus, Jacobus (Jacques Masson) | encyclopedia = The New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge | pages = 420-421 | publisher = Funk and Wagnalls | date = 1910 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=zvQtAAAAIAAJ&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0 | accessdate =2008-02-21
*cite encyclopedia | last = Smolinsky | first = Heribert | title = Latomus, Jacobus | encyclopedia = Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon | volume = IV | publisher = Traugott Bautz | date = 1992 | url = http://www.bautz.de/bbkl/l/Latomus_j.shtml | accessdate =2008-02-20 de icon
*cite journal | first = Robert J. | last = Wilkinson | title = Reconstructing Tyndale in Latomus: William Tyndale's last, lost, book | journal = Reformation | url = http://www.tyndale.org/Reformation/1/wilkinson.html | volume = 1 | date = 1996 | accessdate =2008-02-20

External links

* [http://www.tyndale.org/Reformation/1/latomus1.html Jacob Latomus: His Three Books of Confutations Against William Tyndale] , an English translation of the Latin by James A. Willis
* [http://www.tyndale.org/Reformation/1/latomus2.pdf Confvtationvm Adversus Gvililmvm Tindalvm Libri Tres] , Book Three of the "Refutations" la icon