Port Jackson and Manly Steamship Company

The once famous Port Jackson and Manly Steamship Company was a publicly listed company that operated the iconic Manly ferries in Sydney Australia in the late 19th and 20th Centuries. The Company was eventually taken over and has since been absorbed into the Government owned Sydney Ferries Corporation.

The company is notable for coining the expression about Manly being “Seven miles from Sydney and a thousand miles from care” and for promoting development in the Manly and Pittwater / Broken Bay areas.

Formation

The history of the company is entwined with the history of Manly itself. Manly had been envisaged as a seaside resort by Henry Gilbert Smith in the 1850s. Initially Smith had chartered a paddle steamer to Manly and other vessels visited on an ad hoc “excursion” basis. Smith built a wharf in 1855 and eventually acquired an interest in steamers himself and soon more regular services to Manly had commenced. [citation
first = Troy
last = Lennon
author = Troy Lennon
title = “Rough seas for the Harbour's first fleets”
newspaper = Daily Telegraph page 60
date = 2 November 2007] By 1873, Smith had sold the lease to the wharf and his share of the steamers to the operators of the ferries. The business was later acquired by John Randal Carey (who later founded the Sydney Daily Telegraph newspaper) in 1875 and together with three other businessmen formed the Port Jackson Steamship Company Ltd (which was registered on 23 January 1877).cite paper
first = Anthony M.
last = Prescott
author = Anthony M. Prescott
title = “The Manly Ferry – A history of the service and its operators, 1854-1974”
publisher = University of Sydney (Faculty of Arts - thesis)
date = March 1984
url = http://ses.library.usyd.edu.au/dspace/handle/2123/1557
accessdate = 2008-02-13 ]

By 1901 the Company’s shares were trading on the Sydney Stock Exchange. cite web
title = Centenary of Federation Research – Companies in Australia from 1901
publisher = Australian Stock Exchange
date = May 2001
url = http://www.asx.com.au/about/pdf/historicalcompanieslisted.pdf
accessdate = 2008-02-05 ]

After some disquiet about the level of fees being charged by the Company (and having been encouraged by Manly Council which had advertised for an alternative provider) a group of Manly residents established a competitor company, the Manly Co-operative Steam Ferry Company, in 1893.

A period of intense price competition ensued that saw passenger numbers increase substantially. This resulted in the Co-operative experiencing financial difficulties and in 1896 its service collapsed and was taken over by the Port Jackson Company.

In 1907 the company was re-incorporated as the Port Jackson and Manly Steamship Company Ltd (reflecting the merger some years earlier and sensitivity to Manly residents). ]

Operations - Manly

For many years, ferry was the main mode of transport connecting Manly and Sydney ( Circular Quay). Sydney’s growing population (including growth in the 1850’s due to the gold rush) saw the demand for the ferry services increase.

During its life, the Company operated a number of types of ferries including paddle steamers, double-ended ferries with a wheelhouse at each end, coal-fired and oil-fired steamers, diesel powered ferries and hydrofoils. Some of the ferries even featured padded lounges and a wine bar. Among the many ferries were the Dee Why and the Balgowlah.

Hyrdofoils were introduced in 1965 to provide a high-speed service to Manly in an attempt to boost revenue. While they proved popular, their lack of mechanical reliability lead to their demise (they were ultimately replaced by the JetCats in the early 1990s). [cite web | title = Wheels and Keels
publisher = State Transit Authority – Community Relations Unit
date = February 2001
url = http://www.sta.nsw.gov.au/commonpdfs/report/2001/wheels_and_keels.pdf
accessdate = 2008-02-05 ]

In addition to its ferries, the Company built and operated other attractions to encourage patronage on its Manly run. One such feature was a large shark proof ocean swimming pool, enclosed by a boardwalk (built in 1931), extending from the wharf across to the western side of Manly Cove. [cite web |url=http://www.manly.nsw.gov.au/IgnitionSuite/uploads/docs/Manly%20Wharf%20Fact-sheet.pdf
last = Metherell
first = Terry
coauthors = George and Shelagh Champion,
title = Manly Council Local Studies Collection - Manly Wharf Fact Sheet
accessdate=2008-01-26| date= 2005] Adjacent to the pool was a Bathing pavilion which housed a diving and harbour plunge pool, a dance hall and dining rooms. [Citation
last= Casey
first= Marcus
title= Slip sliding away
newspaper= Daily Telegraph
year=2000
date= 23 December 2000 ] The pool was blown down by a large storm in 1974.

Another attraction was the conversion of an old cargo wharf into an amusement pier (Manly Fun Pier).

Relationship with Manly Council

During its life, the Company had a complicated relationship with Manly Municipal Council. There were several disputes over various matters including the lease of the wharf, cost of fares and freight delivery.

In 1918, seven of the Council’s alderman who had accepted free ferry passes from the Company were charged and found guilty by a magistrate of contravening the Local Government Act and disqualified to act as aldermen. As the council only had a total of nine alderman, there was a period the council did not have a quorum and therefore did not function. The convictions were overturned on appeal. [cite web |url=http://www.manly.nsw.gov.au/IgnitionSuite/uploads/docs/Ferry%20Pass%20Scandal(1).pdf
coauthors = George and Shelagh Champion,
title = Manly Council Local Studies Collection – The Ferry Pass Scandal
accessdate=2008-01-26| date= April 2003]

Operations – Pittwater / Hawkesbury River

In 1942 the Company acquired Palm Beach business of W.J.Goddard & Sons, including general stores, marine and ferry services.cite paper
first = Anthony M.
last = Prescott
author = Anthony M. Prescott
title = “The Pittwater and Hawkesbury River Ferry Services of the Port Jackson and Manly Steamship Co. Ltd. 1942-1974”
publisher = Australasian Shipping Record vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 311-317 (reproduced at www.historyworks.com.au).
date = Nov/Dec 1982
url = http://www.historyworks.com.au/PJMS%20Pittwater.pdf
accessdate = 2008-02-13]

The company soon acquired some new ferries and was operating services for Church Point, the Basin, Scotland Island, Brooklyn, Berowra, Bobbin Head and Patonga.

In 1943-44 the Company purchased the Currawong estate (including it Guest Houses) at Little Mackerel Beach and the Narrabeen Ice Works

In 1950, with the company was facing financial difficulties The Currawong estate was sold the Labor Council of New South Wales and some of the Pittwater ferry services were also disposed of.

Decline & sale

Better roads (including the Warringah freeway), the upgrading of the Spit Bridge in 1958 and the spread of cars generally translated into declining ferry patronage and profitability.

On 19 April 1972, the company was acquired by Brambles Industries Limited. Following a threat by Brambles to reduce the Manly ferry services, the NSW Government arranged for the Public Transport Commission to take over the service as from 1 December 1974. [cite web
title = Heritage Database – Historical Notes - Baragoola (M.V.)
publisher = NSW Heritage Office
url = http://www.heritage.nsw.gov.au/07_subnav_01_2.cfm?itemid=5045045
accessdate = 2008-02-13 ]

After a series of government restructures, the operations of the former Port Jackson and Manly Steamship Company now reside in Sydney Ferries Corporation

ee also

* Manly ferry services, Sydney
* Sydney Ferries
* List of Australian ferries

References