Lubomirski

Lubomirski (plural: Lubomirscy) is the surname of a Polish szlachta (nobility) family.cite web | last = Michael Subritzky-Kusza Ct, PNA | title = The Titled Families of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth | work = Heraldry and Nobility | publisher = Polish Genealogical Society of America | date = 1997 | url = http://www.pgsa.org/polelith.htm | format = Web | doi = | accessdate = 2007-05-27 ] Because Polish adjectives have different forms for the genders, Lubomirska is the form for a female family member.

History

The Lubomirski were a powerful magnate family. The first information about the family dates back to the end of the 14th century, when they appeared in Lubomierz, on the Little Poland Land in about 1398 . Their family name derives from that place's name. Their coat of arms is called "Drużyna". They were average, affluent, old nobility of the Roman Catholic religion. The family became an important one in Rzeczpospolita at 16th century, but individual members' lordly ambitions appeared only at the end of 16th century.

The family career began with Stanisław Lubomirski (XVI (d. 1585), who was the owner of a few villages. But his son Sebastian already held several positions. Sebastian was the Zupnik and Burgrave of Kraków, as well as the castellan of Małogoszcz, Biecz and Wojnicz, and the starost of Sandomierz, Sącz and Spiš. Sebastian's position as the Spiš's starost was particularly important, both for prestige and for profit. His management of the salt mines granted by King Stefan Batory allowed him to increase his fortune and opportunities, and Sebastian became the first senator in the family. In 1593, he bought the Wiśnicz estate at the cost of 85,000 zlotys, and took over some of the splendour of the great Kmita family, which had died out. He also changed the name of his coat of arms to "Szreniawa without a cross". In 1595, Emperor Rudolph II gave him the title of Count of Wiśnicz.

The next person of the family, Stanisław Lubomirski (1583–1649), was the voivode of Ruthenian Voivodeship, the voivode and the starost of Kraków, the Krajczy of the Crown, and later the Cup-Bearer of the Crown, received the hereditary title of Prince and Count of Wiśnicz and Jarosław for him and his sons from Emperor Ferdinand II. He gained glory after the battle of Chocim against the Turks in 1621, where he served as a commander after death of Jan Karol Chodkiewicz.

In the 17th century, members of the family gained more and more importance in Poland, and earned high-ranking offices and affinities with the greatest families of the Kingdom (the Ostrogski, the Ossoliński, the Zasławski, the Sanguszko, the Zebrzydowski, the Koniecpolski, etc.)Stanisław married Zofia Ostrogska, the richest lady in Poland, and was an owner of 18 towns, 313 villages and 163 granges in the provinces of Kraków, Sandomierz, Ruthenia and Volhynia.

His sons began two Prince lines: "the elder one" – Aleksander Michał, who inherited the family properties of Cracow and Ruthenia (without Łańcut and Przeworsk), and "the younger one" – Jerzy Sebastian, who inherited the properties of Volhynia and Kiev. Stanisław's third son, Konstanty Jacek, died childless in 1663.

Prince Aleksander Michał, the Equerry of the Crown and the voivode of Kraków, married Helena Ossolińska. Their son Prince Józef Karol , Court Marshal, and later Grand Marshal of the Crown (thanks to marriage with Princess Teofila Zasławska), was an owner of large properties, which included 51 towns, 973 villages and 229 granges. His son Prince Aleksander Dominik (~1693-1720) was the heir in tail of the Ostróg estate (he was the last in the male line), and Aleksander Michał's daughters got married very well: Marianna married Prince Paweł Sanguszko, Grand Marshal of Lithuania, and Teresa married Charles III Philip, Prince of Neuburg.

Prince Jerzy Sebastian held the offices of Court Marshal, and later Grand Marshal of the Crown and Grand Hetman of the Crown. He rendered great services to the country during wars against Sweden, Russia and Transylvania, but later he incited a rebellion against the king, known as the "Lubomirski Rokosz". He had four sons, who began new lines of the family. Prince Stanisław Herakliusz began the line of Łańcut, Prince Aleksander Michał (d. 1673) began the line of Przeworsk, Prince Hieronim Augustyn began the line of Rzeszów, and Prince Jerzy Dominik began the line of Janowiec.After some time, large estates were divided, but some persons of the family could to gather big possessions. Especially enormous latifundies in Ruthenia made a large impression. The Lubomirski were called "the owners of the whole Dniester River's bank". The family was well-known in Poland and in all Europe. The Princes’ aspirations grew bigger and bigger. Stanisław Herakliusz was Court Marshal and Grand Marshal of the Crown, but his son Teodor Konstanty, Voivode of Kraków, had dreams to become the king of Poland after the death of King Augustus II. Hieronim Augustyn, who held the positions of voivode and castellan of Kraków, as well as of Field Hetman and Grand Hetman of the Crown, was the most serious Polish candidate to the crown after the death of King John III Sobieski, having been John III Sobieski's chief during the battles of Vienna and Parkany in the wars against the Turks. Hieronim Augustyn did not realize his hopes, and later dreamed of acquiring the crown of Hungary for his son Jerzy Ignacy (1687–1753), but it was only an illusory hope.

The Lubomirski were citizens of all Europe at that time. They often traveled abroad, and possessed residences in Dresden, Vienna, Italy, Switzerland, and England. They received in the grandest salons and in courts of monarchs. They also entertained the greatest persons of the age at their house.

Following the partitions of Poland, the Lubomirski stopped taking over important posts in the state, but continued to be important. The family estates were in some other countries, but the magnates had no problems, because their Prince's titles and lordly rights were confirmed by the Courts of Vienna and Saint Petersburg. They showed political and economical activity, took part in various organizations and were candidates to parliament.

During World War I, the Lubomirski met with many losses in their properties. But World War II and the political situation after it completely ruined their possessions. The Lubomirski lost their estates and many of them went abroad.

During four centuries of their activity in history of Rzeczpospolita, the Lubomirski left a retentive sign. They gave Poland politicians, administrators, chiefs, soldiers, writers, scientists and artists. They influenced the history of the country, took part in wars, built residences, churches and schools, made gardens and parks, and contributed to charity, the arts and science.

Coat of Arms and Motto

The Lubomirski family used the "Szreniawa without a cross" arms and their motto was: "Nil conscire sibi" (To have a conscience free from guilt) or "Patriam versus" (?)

Family members

* Aleksander Michał Lubomirski (1614–1677)
* Aleksander Michał Lubomirski (-1673)
* Aleksandra Lubomirska (1760–1836)
* Anna Krystyna Lubomirska (1618–1667)
* Anna Krystyna Lubomirska (-1701)
* Anna Lubomirska (-1736)
* Anna Lubomirska (-1763)
* Antoni Benedykt Lubomirski (-1661)
* Antoni Lubomirski (1718–1782)
* Elżbieta Lubomirska (1755–1783)
* Elżbieta Lubomirska (1669-1729)
* Franciszek Ferdynant Lubomirski (1710–1747)
* Franciszek Lubomirski (-1721)
* Franciszek Sebastian Lubomirski (–1699)
* Hieronim Augustyn Lubomirski (1647–1706)
* Jan Lubomirski (-1736)
* Jerzy Aleksander Lubomirski (-1735)
* Jerzy Dominik Lubomirski (1654–1727)
* Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski (1616–1667)
* Józef Karol Lubomirski (1638–1702)
* Józef Lubomirski (1676–1732)
* Julia Lubomirska (1764–1794)
* Katarzyna Lubomirska (-1611)
* Konstancja Malgorzata Lubomirska (1761–1840)
* Krystyna Lubomirska (-1645)
* Krystyna Lubomirska (-1699)
* Maria Karolina Lubomirska (1730–1795)
* Marianna Lubomirska (1693–1729)
* Sebastian Lubomirski (1539–1613)
* Stanisław Herakliusz Lubomirski (1642–1702)
* Stanisław Lubomirski (1583–1649)
* Stanisław Lubomirski (1704–1793)
* Stanisław Lubomirski (1722–1782)
* Teodor Lubomirski (1683–1745)
* Teresa Lubomirska (1658–1712)

ee also

* Lubomirski Rokosz
* List of szlachta

References