Braddock, Pennsylvania

Geobox|Settlement
name = Braddock
native_name =
other_name =
other_name1 =
category = Borough
etymology_type = Named for
etymology = Edward Braddock
official_name = Borough of Braddock
nickname =
motto =

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image_caption = Carnegie Library


flag_size =
symbol =
symbol_type =
symbol_size =
country = United States
country_

state = Pennsylvania
state_

region = Allegheny
region_type = County
district =
district_type =
landmark =
river =
location =
lat_d = 40
lat_m = 24
lat_s = 13
lat_NS = N
long_d = 79
long_m = 52
long_s = 7
long_EW = W
elevation_imperial = 764
elevation_round = 0
area_imperial = 0.6
area_land_imperial = 0.5
area_water_imperial = 0.1
area_water_percentage = 13.85
area_percentage_round = 2
area_round = 1
area_land_round = 1
area_water_round = 1
population_as_of = 2000
population = 2912
population_density_imperial = 5159.9
population_density_round = 1
established_type = Settled
established = 1742
established1_type = Incorporated
established1 = June 8, 1867
mayor = John Fetterman
timezone = EST
utc_offset = -5
timezone_DST = EDT
utc_offset_DST = -4
postal_code = 15104
postal_code_type = ZIP code
area_code = 412
area_code_type =
code2_type =
code2 =
free_type = School District
free = Woodland Hills

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map_caption = Location of Braddock in Allegheny County
map1 = Pennsylvania Locator Map.png map1_caption = Location of Braddock in Pennsylvania
map1_locator = Pennsylvania
map2 = Map of USA PA.svg
map2_caption = Location of Pennsylvania in the United States
website = USCensusPop
1890= 8561
1900= 15654
1910= 19357
1940= 20879
2000= 2912

Braddock is a borough located in the eastern suburbs of Pittsburgh in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, 10 miles (16 km) upstream from the mouth of the Monongahela River. The population was 2,912 at the 2000 census.

Name

The town is named for General Edward Braddock (1695-1755). The Braddock Expedition, particularly his infamous crossing of the Monongahela River on July 9, 1755 at this place led to his own fatal wounding and a sound defeat of his British troops who had been moving against the French at Fort Duquesne. This battle was a key beginning in the French and Indian War.

Geography

Braddock is located at coor dms|40|24|13|N|79|52|7|W|cityGR|1.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the borough has a total area of 0.6 square miles (1.7 km²), of which, 0.6 square miles (1.5 km²) of it is land and 0.1 square miles (0.2 km²) of it (13.85%) is water. Its average elevation is Unit length|ft|764 above sea level GR|3.

History

The area surrounding Braddock's Field was originally inhabited by the Delaware Indians, ruled by Queen Allequippa. In 1742, John Frazier and his family established the area at the mouth of Turtle Creek as the first permanent settlement west of the Allegheny Mountains. George Washington visited the area in 1753-1754, and was the site of Braddock's Defeat on July 9, 1755.

Braddock's first industrial facility, a barrel plant, opened in 1850, and the borough was incorporated on June 8, 1867cite web| url =http://www.phmc.state.pa.us/bah/dam/counties/pdfs/Allegheny.pdf | title = "Allegheny County - 2nd Class" | accessdate = 2007-08-18| language = English] . The town and its industrial economy began in 1873, when Andrew Carnegie built the Edgar Thomson Steel Works on the historic site of Braddock's Field in what is now North Braddock, Pennsylvania. This was the first steel mill using the Bessemer process in America. It continues operations today as a part of the United States Steel Corporation. This era of the town's history is best known from the novel "Out of This Furnace" by Thomas Bell.

Braddock is also the location of the first of Andrew Carnegie’s 1,679 (some sources list 1,689) public libraries in the US, designed by William Halsey Wood of Newark, NJ and dedicated March 30, 1889. The Library included a tunnel entrance for Carnegie’s millworkers to enter the bathhouse in the basement to clean up before entering the facilities (which originally included billiards tables). An addition in 1893, by Longfellow, Alden and Harlow (Boston & Pittsburgh, successors to H.H. Richardson), added a swimming pool, indoor basketball court and 964-seat Music Hall which included a Votey pipe organ. The building was rescued from demolition in 1978 by the Braddock's Field Historical Society and is still in use as a public library. The bathhouse has recently been converted to a pottery studio; the Music Hall is currently under restoration.

The early population figures were these: 1890, 8,561; 1900, 15,654; 1910, 19,357; 1920, 20,879; 1940, 18,326. From its peak in the 1950s, Braddock has since lost 90% of its populationcite web| url = http://www.15104.cc| title = Braddock, Pennsylvania| accessdate = 2007-08-18| language = English] . During the early 1900's many immigrants settled in Braddock, primarily from Croatia, Slovenia, and Hungary.

Braddock lost its importance and with the collapse of the steel industry in the US in 1984. This coincided with the crack cocaine epidemic of the early 1980s, and the combination of the two woes nearly destroyed this community. In 1988, Braddock was designated a financially-distressed municipality. Today, the community exists as a shadow of its former glory. With high violent crime and virtually no economic opportunity, Braddock is struggling to make its way into the new century. The entire water distribution system was rebuilt in 1990-1991 at a cost of $4.7 million resulting in a fine system where only 5% of piped water is "unaccounted-for".

Since 2005, mayor John Fetterman has been focused on attracting new residents to the area from the artistic, urbanist, and creative communities.

Demographics

As of the censusGR|2 of 2000, there were 2,912 people, 1,161 households, and 695 families residing in the borough. The population density was 5,159.9 people per square mile (2,007.7/km²). There were 1,624 housing units at an average density of 2,877.6/sq mi (1,119.7/km²). The racial makeup of the borough was 30.12% White, 66.52% African American, 0.14% Native American, 0.24% Asian, 0.69% from other races, and 2.30% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.51% of the population.

There were 1,161 households out of which 30.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 21.4% were married couples living together, 31.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.1% were non-families. 37.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 18.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 3.24.

In the borough the population was spread out with 31.5% under the age of 18, 6.3% from 18 to 24, 24.9% from 25 to 44, 19.1% from 45 to 64, and 18.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 84.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 78.1 males.

The median income for a household in the borough was $18,473, and the median income for a family was $20,669. Males had a median income of $26,333 versus $19,867 for females. The per capita income for the borough was $13,135. About 34.4% of families and 35.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 54.4% of those under age 18 and 14.5% of those age 65 or over.

Notable residents

*Henry Clay Drexler - Navy Cross and Medal of Honor recipient
*Matthew A. Dunn - former member of the United States House of Representatives
*Joseph M. Gaydos - former member of the United States House of Representatives
*Vernon Irvin - Chief Marketing Officer for XM Satellite Radio, highest ranking African American executive in the technology industry
*Melville Kelly - former member of the United States House of Representatives, established the "Braddock Leader" newspaper
*Billy Knight - Executive Vice President and General Manager of the NBA's Atlanta Hawks
*Joseph A. McDonald - steel industry executive
*Art Pallan - radio celebrity
*James L. Quinn - former member of the United States House of Representatives
*Frank S. Scott - first member of the United States armed forces to lose his life in an aircraft accidentcite web| url = http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/documents/frankscott.htm| title = Corporal Frank S. Scott| accessdate = 2006-08-31| date = 2006-04-17| publisher = Scott AFB History Office| language = English]
*Lauren Tewes - actress best known for playing Cruise Director, Julie McCoy, on "The Love Boat"
*Thomas Bell - American novelist, famous for his novel "Out of This Furnace" which is set in Braddock

Trivia

*Braddock was home to Andrew Carnegie's first free library (1887)
*The first A&P supermarket opened in Braddock in 1936.Fact|date=May 2008
*Thomas Bell's novel "Out of This Furnace" is set in Braddock during the 1890s to the 1930sFact|date=May 2008

Further reading

# cite book
author = Chartrand, Rene
title = Monongahela, 1754-1755: Washington's Defeat, Braddock's Disaster
location = United Kingdom
publisher = Osprey Publishing
year = 2004
id = ISBN 1-84176-683-6
# cite book
author = Jones, Theodore
title = Carnegie Libraries Across America: A Public Legacy
location =
publisher = John Wiley & Sons
year = 1997
id = ISBN 0-471-14422-3

References

External links

* [http://www.15104.cc/ Mayor's Site]
* [http://www.pittsburghcitypaper.ws/gyrobase/Content?oid=oid%3A28774 Pittsburgh City Paper feature story about Braddock's urban decay, and the recent influx of artists drawn to the city by current mayor, John Fetterman]
* [http://andrewcarnegie.tripod.com/photoalbumCL-AllegCo.htm Braddock Carnegie Library]