2002 European floods

In August 2002 a 100-year flood [cite news | title=Wild Weather Has Happened Before, Will Again | date=2002-08-19 | url =http://www.usatoday.com/weather/news/2002/2002-08-18-wildweather.htm | work =USA Today | accessdate = 2008-01-28 | language = ] caused by over a week of continuous heavy rains ravaged Europe, killing dozens, dispossessing thousands, and causing damage of billions of euros in the Czech Republic, Austria, Germany, Slovakia, Poland, Hungary, Romania and Croatia.

Development of the floods

While no one cause was ever identified for the rains that caused the flooding, the effects of El Niño are believed to be one of the causes [cite news | title=El Nino Blamed for Weather Chaos | date=2002-08-11 | url =http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/2186275.stm | work =BBC News | accessdate = 2008-01-28 | language = ] although others disagree. [cite news | title=What's Behind the Weather? | date=2002-08-13 | url =http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/2190585.stm | work =BBC News | accessdate = 2008-01-28 | language = ] The floods started with heavy rainfall in the Eastern Alps, which resulted in floods in Northern Italy, Bavaria and the Austrian states of Salzburg and Upper Austria Fact|date=January 2008. The floods gradually moved eastwards along the Danube, although the damage in the large cities on its shores was not as severe as in the areas affected by the floods later.

When the rainfall moved northeast to the Bohemian Forest and to the source areas of the Elbe and Vltava rivers, the result were catastrophic water levels first in the Austrian areas of Mühlviertel and Waldviertel and later in the Czech Republic, Thuringia and Saxony. Rivers changed their courses in unexpected ways, catching residents off guard Fact|date=January 2008. Several villages in Northern Bohemia, Thuringia and Saxony were more or less destroyed by rivers changing their courses.

Areas affected

The floods that hit Europe during August 2002 were part of a larger system that was also affecting Asia. Within Europe, however, the areas that sustained significant damage included the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Italy, Spain, Germany, Romania, Bulgaria, Croatia, Hungary, and Ukraine. [cite news | first=Rene | last=Volfik | title=Europe's Flood Part of Global Deluge | date=2002-08-15 | url =http://www.csmonitor.com/2002/0815/p01s02-woeu.html | work =Christian Science Monitor | accessdate = 2008-01-28 | language = ] . Several rivers in the region, including the Vltava, Elbe and Danube reached record highs. [cite news | title=Thousands Flee Dresden Floods | date=2002-08-16 | url =http://www.guardian.co.uk/naturaldisasters/story/0,7369,775789,00.html | work =Guardian Unlimited | accessdate = 2008-01-28 | language = ]

Czech Republic

Prague received significant damage from what were deemed to be the worst floods to hit the capital in 200 years. Among the regions of the capital city most severely affected were: Karlín, Kampa and Holešovice, where there was significant risk of building collapse. [cite news | title=Czechs Told to Avoid Weak Buildings | date=2002-08-18 | url =http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2201555.stm | work =BBC News | accessdate = 2008-01-28 | language = ] . Most of Prague's art work was saved due to advanced warning of high water levels, [cite news | title=Art Saved from European Floods | date=2002-08-15 | url =http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/2195743.stm | work =BBC News | accessdate = 2008-01-28 | language = ] however there was significant damage to the Prague Metro subway system whose tunnels were completely flooded [cite news | first=Askold | last=Krushelnycky | title=Officials Try to Shift Blame as Prague's Metro Floods | date=2002-08-24 | url =http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2002/08/24/wflood24.xml | work =The Daily Telegraph | accessdate = 2008-01-28 | language = ] .

Prague's Jewish Quarter also received significant damage, [ cite web|url=http://www.jewishmuseum.cz/en/aflood.htm |title=Flood Damage in the Jewish Museum in Prague in August 2002 |accessdate=2008-01-28 |last=Pavlat |first=Leo |date=2002-08-27 |publisher=The Jewish Museum in Prague ] a part of the estimated $30 million in damage to Czech cultural sites including: the Prague Municipal Library, Mala Strana, the National Theatre and Terezín. [cite news | first=Stanislav | last=Peska | title=Czechs Salvage Soggy Treasures | date=2002-08-30 | url =http://www.csmonitor.com/2002/0830/p06s01-woeu.html | work =Christian Science Monitor | accessdate = 2008-01-28 | language = ]

The evacuations before the worst of the flooding have been cited as one of the reasons for relatively little loss of life in the capital. [cite news | title=Flight Before the Flood | date=2002-08-13 | url =http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2190354.stm | work =BBC News | accessdate = 2008-01-28 | language = ] One of the most visible victims of the summer's flood was Gaston, a sea lion from the Prague Zoo who swam to Germany following the flooding of his aquarium. For some time, it was believed he would survive, however he died following capture in Dresden. [cite news | title=Sorrow as "Hero" Flood Deal Dies | date=2002-08-21 | url =http://edition.cnn.com/2002/WORLD/europe/08/20/floods.seal/ | work =CNN | accessdate = 2008-01-28 | language = ]

Germany

In Germany, the flooding was significant in that it destroyed a lot of the work that had been done throughout the country since unification in 1990, especially the town of Grimma in the former East Germany. [cite news | first=Peter | last=Green | coauthors= Otto Pohl | title= As Floods Ebb in Prague, Threat Rolls Into Germany | date=2002-08-15 | url =http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C07E2D9163DF936A2575BC0A9649C8B63&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all | work =The New York Times | accessdate = 2008-01-28 | language = ]

Dresden received significant damage when the Elbe River reached an all-time high of 8.9 meters. More than 30,000 people were evacuated from various neighborhoods throughout the city and some of the city's cultural landmarks were considered to be at risk. [cite news | title=Thousands Flee Dresden Floods | date=2002-08-16 | url =http://www.guardian.co.uk/naturaldisasters/story/0,7369,775789,00.html | work =Guardian Unlimited | accessdate = 2008-01-28 | language = ]

Dresden's Zwinger Palace, home to a significant number of Europe's artistic treasures including Raphael's Sistine Madonna was at risk from the flooding Elbe, however all of the art works were able to be saved. [cite news | title=Battle to Save Dresden's Treasures | date=2002-08-15 | url =http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2195729.stm | work =BBC News | accessdate = 2008-01-28 | language = ] The Semper Opera House also suffered damage.

Russia

The Black Sea Coast region was among the most severely hit regions of Russia with significant loss of life due to a tornado that hit the tourist region and destroyed homes. [cite news | title=Europe Flood Toll Rises to 26 | date=2002-08-09 | url =http://archives.cnn.com/2002/WORLD/europe/08/09/russian.floods.deaths/index.html | work =CNN | accessdate = 2008-01-28 | language = ] This was after earlier summer floods in southern Russia. All told, damage in the region was calculated at more than $400 million. [cite news | title=Russia Floods Death Toll Now 93 | date=2002-08-15 | url =http://archives.cnn.com/2002/WEATHER/06/29/russia.floods/index.html?related | work =CNN | accessdate = 2008-01-28 | language = ]

Regions spared

Although all of Europe was affected to some degree or another from the record rains that fell, some cities were spared the severe flooding that hit Dresden and Prague.

Although the Danube reached record highs, both Bratislava and Vienna were spared significant flooding. Bratislava's sparing was due to the city's flood protection measures, which withstood the water, [cite news | first=Nick | last=Thorpe | title=Defences Hold Fast in Bratislava | date=2002-08-16 | url =http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2198850.stm | work =BBC News | accessdate = 2008-01-28 | language = ] while it was generally believed that Vienna was spared significant damage due the city's engineering, and plans were undertaken to see if such work could be applied to the other cities as well. [cite news | title=Europe's Flood Lessons | date=2002-08-19 | url =http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/low/world/europe/2203152.stm | work =BBC News | accessdate = 2008-01-28 | language = ]

After effects

Once the water levels returned to normal and residents returned to their home, they faced not only the damage left by the rising waters but also threats of disease due to decaying waste and food. The damage increased due to flooding of sewage treatment plants and the risk of damage to chemical plants. [cite news | title=New Threat for Flood-hit Europe | date=2002-08-20 | url =http://archives.cnn.com/2002/WORLD/europe/08/20/europe.floods/index.html | work =CNN | accessdate = 2008-01-28 | language = ]

Even once the waters began to recede, the work in the region was not yet complete. European leaders gathered in Berlin to discuss the effects of the floods and to create a better understanding of how to prevent such disaster in the future. This meeting garnered some criticism as Russia, which had suffered significant damage, was not invited to what was billed as a meeting of EU members and future members. [cite news | first=Kate | last=Connolly | title=European Leaders Hold Flood Crisis Talks | date=2002-08-19 | url =http://www.guardian.co.uk/naturaldisasters/story/0,,776751,00.html | work =Guardian Unlimited | accessdate = 2008-01-28 | language = ] . The EU leaders did promise aid to the central European countries that suffered the most under the floods with monies coming from the EU's structural budget and this outreach to non-members was seen as symbolic in an effort to portray a truly united Europe. [cite news | title=EU Pledges Flood Recovery Aid | date=2002-08-18 | url =http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2200690.stm | work =BBC News | accessdate = 2008-01-28 | language = ]

ee also

* 2002 Glasgow floods

References

External links

* [http://floods.guide-to-prague.be/ Flood Photographs of Prague]
* [http://efas.jrc.it European Flood Alert System]

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