- Germiyan
:"For the place in Azerbaijan, see
Germiyan, Azerbaijan ."Infobox Former Country
conventional_long_name = Germiyan
common_name = Germiyan
continent = moved from Category:Asia to the Middle East
region = the Middle East
country = Turkey
era = Late Medieval
government_type = Monarchy
year_start = 1300
year_end = 1429
p1 = Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm
flag_p1 =
s1 = Ottoman Empire
flag_s1 = Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1453-1844).svg
image_map_caption =
capital =Kütahya
common_languages = Turkish
religion = Muslim
leader1 =Germiyanlı Yakub Bey the First
leader2 =Germiyanoğlu Yakub Bey the Second
year_leader1 = 1300-1340
year_leader2 = 1402-1429
title_leader = BeyThe Anatolian Turkish Beylik of Germiyan with its capital in
Kütahya was one of the prominent frontier principalities established byOghuz Turkish clans after the decline ofSeljuk Sultanate of Rûm .For a brief period in the second half of the 14th century, Germiyan Dynasty was second only to Karamanoğlu Dynasty in its rising power. But they were later taken over by the neighboring
Osmanoğlu dynasty, who were to found theOttoman Empire later.Germiyans played a crucial role in settling Turkish populations along the coastal regions of the
Aegean Sea , the founders of the Beyliks ofAydınoğlu ,Saruhan ,İnançoğlu andMenteşe having started out as Germiyan commanders.The beylik was probably established by members of the
Afshar clan ofOghuz Turks . Because of various factors arising from the Mongol invasion, their branch of the clan had left the regions ofFars andKirman , and headed west intoAnatolia , having remained for a time aroundMalatya , and then moving to the Kütahya area, where their beylik was formed rather rapidly.They rebelled against the central power in 1283, upon the execution of the sultan
Kaykhusraw III by the Mongols, and placing ofMesud II on the Seljuk throne. The struggle between combined Mongol-Seljuk forces based inKonya and the rebel forces of Germiyan continued until 1290. An agreement could only be reached in 1299, upon which the Germiyan Dynasty also entered into possession ofAnkara . When theIlkhanid governor Emir Çoban took over Anatolia in 1314, they declared allegiance and concentrated on raids towards the regions to their west.Their western offshoots that were the Beyliks of
Menteşe ,Aydınoğlu , İnançoğlu,Saruhan andKaresi were all subject to the Germiyan in the early periods of their foundation, while the Beyliks ofSâhib Ata andHamidoğlu to the south had to rely on them for protection against attacks from theKaramanoğlu . As for the northern regions of Anatolia, Byzantine sources record Umur Bey, a commander and son-in-law to the Germiyan family, to be the possessor ofPaphlagonia , whereCandaroğlu dynasty was to rule only after Germiyan power weakened.Their strong political entity was eventually surrounded by newer states established by their own former commanders, leaving the Germiyan no outlet to the coastline or to Byzantine territory. Their powerful Karamanoğlu neighbors exerting constant pressure from the east, Germiyan gradually fell under the rising influence of the Ottomans.
The actual Turkish province of Kütahya was called the sub-province ("
sanjak ") and later province ("vilayet ") of Germiyan until the early years of theRepublic of Turkey , when which it was re-named after its central town.The founding dynasty of the beylik produced descendants who illustrated themselves either under the
Ottoman Empire or in present-dayTurkey , a notable one among these being the 19th century grand vizierAbdurrahman Nureddin Pasha .References
* [http://books.google.com/books?id=D-WaKed2iNgC&pg=PA36&lpg=PA37&vq=germiyanid&dq=beylik&ie=ISO-8859-1&output=html&sig=vzENqPi4ZWXYa6Q4oP2NLXxXo9w (limited preview)] cite book | title = The Origins of the Ottoman Empire ISBN 0791408191 |author=Mehmet Fuat Köprülü (translated by Gary Leiser |publisher=State University of New York Press| year= 1992|language=English
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