- Peter Grünberg
Infobox_Scientist
name = Peter Grünberg
imagesize = 180px
birth_date = birth date and age|1939|05|18|df=y
birth_place =Pilsen ,Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
nationality =Germany
field =Physics
work_institution =Carleton University Jülich Research Centre University of Cologne
alma_mater =Darmstadt University of Technology
doctoral_advisor =Stefan Hüfner
doctoral_students =
known_for =Giant magnetoresistive effect
prizes =Wolf Prize in Physics (2006)
European Inventor of the Year (2006)Japan Prize 2007Nobel Prize in Physics (2007)
religion =Catholic ["Glauben Sie, Professor Grünberg, als Naturwissenschaftler an Gott?" - Peter Grünberg: "Ja, natürlich. Ich bin streng katholisch aufgewachsen und denke, einiges dabei gewonnen zu haben. Aber ich halte es mit Lessings Ringparabel. Welcher der drei Ringe ist der echte?" - Grünberg states he believes in God, was raised strictly Catholic, and adheres to Lessing'sRing Parable in an interview withGerhard Ertl and Peter Grünberg at [http://www.cicero.de/97.php?ress_id=6&item=2223 cicero.de] ]
footnotes =Peter Andreas Grünberg (
May 18 ,1939 ) is a Germanphysicist , andNobel Prize in Physics laureate for his coincidental discovery withAlbert Fert ofgiant magnetoresistance which brought about a breakthrough ingigabyte hard disk drive s. [cite web | url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2007/index.html| title=The Nobel Prize in Physics 2007 | accessdate=2007-10-09 |publisher=The Nobel Foundation]Biography
Grünberg was born in
Pilsen ,Bohemia , which at the time was in the Nazi-occupiedProtectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (now theCzech Republic ) to theSudeten German ["1939 wurde ich im damals von Hitler annektierten Pilsen, heute -Tschechien, als Sudetendeutscher geboren. Gleich nach Kriegsende, mit dem Einmarsch der Alliierten-Truppen, wurden alle Deutschen, so auch meine Familie, interniert. Meine Eltern kamen in ein Lager: Mein Vater Feodor ist im Lager geblieben, meine Mutter Anna dann zur Feldarbeit in das Dorf meiner Großeltern gekommen. Wir Kinder sind anfangs zu meiner tschechischen Tante gebracht worden, später zu meiner Mutter. 1946 bin ich nach Lauterbach in Hessen ausgesiedelt und dort eingeschult worden. Meinen Vater habe ich nicht mehr gesehen, er ist im Internierungslager gestorben." - interview at [http://www.cicero.de/97.php?ress_id=6&item=2223] ] family of Anna and Feodor A. Grünberg [Curriculum Vitae Peter A. Grünberg - Peter Andreas Grünberg, born on 18 May 1939 in Pilsen (now Czech Republic), parents: Dipl.-Ing. Feodor A. Grünberg and Anna Grünberg. [http://www.fz-juelich.de/portal/index.php?index=1191 CVV at fz-juelich.de] ] which first lived in Dysina [Heimatkreis Mies-Pilsen e. V. [http://www.mies-pilsen.de/gruenberg.htm] ] [Sudetendeutsche Landsmannschaft , „Kreisgruppe Hochtaunus“,20.11.2007 [http://www.sl-hochtaunus.de/Nobelpreis/nobelpreis.html] ] (Dýšina) to the East of Pilsen.After the war, the family was interned, the parents were brought to a camp. His father, a Russia-born engineer who since 1928 worked for Škoda, died on 27 November 1945 in Czech imprisonment and is buried in a mass grave in Pilsen which is also inscribed with "Grünberg Theodor † 27. November 1945". ["Grünberg Theodor † 27. November 1945", [http://www.westboehmen.de/tafel_pilsen.jpgwestboehmen.de] ] His mother Anna (who died in 2002 aged 100) [ [http://www.mies-pilsen.de/gruenberg.htm Nobelpreisträger Grünberg aus Pilsen] ] had to work in agriculture and stayed with her parents in the Petermann [Photo 2, [http://www.westboehmen.de/untersekerschan2.jpgwestboehmen.de] ] house in Untersekerschan [Photo 1, [http://www.westboehmen.de/untersekerschan.jpgwestboehmen.de] ] (Dolní Sekyřany), where her children (a sister was born in 1937) were brought to later. The remaining Grünberg family, like almost all Germans, was expelled from Czechoslovakia in 1946. Seven year old Peter came to
Lauterbach, Hesse where he attended gymnasium.cite web |url=http://www.fz-juelich.de/portal/index.php?index=1191|title=Curriculum Vitae |accessdate=2007-10-09 |publisher=Jülich Research Centre]Grünberg received his intermediate diploma in 1962 from the
Johann Wolfgang Goethe University in Frankfurt. He then attended theDarmstadt University of Technology , where he received his diploma in physics in 1966 and his Ph.D. in 1969. From 1969-1972, he did postdoctoral work atCarleton University inOttawa , Canada. He later joined the Institute for Solid State Physics at theJülich Research Centre , where he became a leading researcher in the field of thin film and multilayer magnetism until his retirement in 2004.Important work
In 1986 he discovered the antiparallel exchange coupling between
ferromagnetic layers separated by a thin non-ferromagnetic layer, and in 1988 he discovered theGiant magnetoresistive effect (GMR). [cite journal |author=G. Binasch; P. Grünberg; F. Saurenbach; W. Zinn| title=Enhanced magnetoresistance in layered magnetic structures with antiferromagnetic interlayer exchange | journal=Phys. Rev. B |year=1989 | volume=39 | issue=7 | pages=4828–4830 | doi=10.1103/PhysRevB.39.4828 | url=http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRB/v39/p4828| format=abstract] GMR was simultaneously and independently discovered byAlbert Fert from the Université de Paris Sud. It has been used extensively in read heads of modernhard drives . Another application of the GMR effect is non-volatile, magnetic random access memory.Apart from the Nobel Prize, Grünberg's work also has been rewarded with shared prizes in the APS International Prize for New Materials, the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics Magnetism Award, the Hewlett-Packard Europhysics Prize, the
Wolf Prize in Physics and the 2007Japan Prize . He won the German Future Prize for Technology and Innovation in 1998 and was namedEuropean Inventor of the Year [ [http://www.epo.org/focus/innovation-and-economy/inventors/archive/2006/Gruenberg.html European Inventor of the Year 2006 in the category "Universities and research institutions"] ] in the category "Universities and research institutions" by the European Patent Office and European Commission in 2006.elected publications
*
*
* Grünberg, Peter, Y. Suzuki, T. Katayama, K. Takanashi, R. Schreiber, K. Tanaka. 1997. "The magneto-optical effect of Cr(001) wedged ultrathin films grown on Fe(001)". "JMMM ". 165, 134.
* P. Grünberg, J.A. Wolf, R.Schäfer. 1996. "Long Range Exchange Interactions in Epitaxial Layered Magnetic Structures". "Physica B" 221, 357.
* M. Schäfer, Q. Leng, R. Schreiber, K. Takanashi, P. Grünberg, W. Zinn. 1995. "Experiments on Interlayer Exchange Coupling" (invited at 5th NEC Symp., Karuizawa, Japan). "J. of Mat. Sci. and Eng. ". B31, 17.
* A. Fert, P. Grünberg, A. Barthelemy, F. Petroff, W. Zinn (invited at ICM in Warsaw, 1994). 1995. "Layered magnetic structures: interlayer exchange coupling and giant magnetoresistance". "JMMM". 140-144, 1.
* P. Grünberg, A. Fuß, Q. Leng, R. Schreiber, J.A. Wolf. 1993. "Interlayer Coupling and its Relation to Growth and Structure". "Proc. of NATO workshop on "Magnetism and Structure in Systems of Reduced Dimension", ed. by R.F.C. Farrow et al., NATO ASI Series B: Physics Vol. 309, p. 87, Plenum Press, N.Y. 1993".
* A. Fuß, S. Demokritov, P. Grünberg, W. Zinn. 1992. "Short- and long period oscillations in the exchange coupling of Fe across epitaxially grown Al- and Au-interlayers". "JMMM". 103, L211.
* G. Binasch, P. Grünberg, F. Saurenbach, W. Zinn. 1989. "Enhanced magnetoresistance in Fe-Cr layered structures with antiferromagnetic interlayer exchange". "Physical Review B39". 4282.
* P. Grünberg, R. Schreiber, Y. Pang, M.B. Brodsky, H. Sowers. 1986. "Layered Magnetic Structures: Evidence for antiferromagnetic coupling of Fe-layers across Cr-interlayers". "Physical Review Letters". 57, 2442.References
External links
* [http://www.fz-juelich.de/portal/research/highlights/gmr/vitae Peter Grünberg webpage] at the
Jülich Research Centre
* [http://bibnetwiki.org/wiki/Category:Peter_Grunberg_Paper List of selected papers]Persondata
NAME= Grünberg, Peter Andreas
ALTERNATIVE NAMES=
SHORT DESCRIPTION= Germanphysicist , andNobel Prize in Physics laureate
DATE OF BIRTH= 1939-05-18
PLACE OF BIRTH=Pilsen ,Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
DATE OF DEATH=
PLACE OF DEATH=
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