- Gymnasium (Germany)
The Gymnasium is the classical higher or secondary schools of
Germany for gifted students. Students are admitted at 10 or 13 years of age and are required to have had 4 years ofGrundschule . To be admitted, students are supposed to have a formal recommendation by their teacher, but parents may decide at which kind of secondary school they enrol their children. Traditionally students attended the Gymnasium for 9 years in western Germany but only for 8 years in eastern Germany. The 9th year of Gymnasium was roughly equivalent to a freshmen year in college. Nowadays there is a strong political movement to reduce the time spent at the Gymnasium to 8 years in all of Germany.History
The Gymnasium arose out of the humanistic movement of the sixteenth century. The first general system of schools which provided for the Gymnasium was that of
Saxony , formulated in1528 , but without providing for Greek in such schools until a later date. Afterwards, both Greek and Latin were included, and theLatin and Greek languages formed the foundation of the teaching and studying of the Gymnasium, which was a nine-year course.A special kind of Gymansium was the "Realgymnasium": inPrussia , the Realgymnasium gave a nine-year course, with Latin, but no Greek.Other methods
In
Prussia , the Progymnasium were similar schools of six or seven year courses. The Realprogymnasium was of six or seven years' length. The Oberschulen offered a nine-year course with neither Greek nor Latin.Modern languages
Early in the twentieth century, the introduction of French and English as elective languages brought about the greatest change since the introduction of the Realschulen in the eighteenth century. Students tended to ignore the
Greek language .Gymnasium for girls
Early in the twentieth century, schools for girls, called
Lyceum , increased in numbers.The rise of girl's Gymnasiums is due mainly to the influx of feminist ideals in the twentieth century.
ee also
*List of schools in Germany
Works
* Matthew Arnold, "Higher Schools and Universities in Germany", (second edition, London, 1882)
* Schrader, "Erziehungs- und Unterrichtslehre für Gymnasien und Realschulen", (fifth edition, Berlin, 1893)
* Paulsen, "German Education, Past and Present", (translated by Lorenz, New York, 1908)
* A. Beier, "Die höheren Schulen in Preußen und ihre Lehrer", (Halle, 1909)
* J. F. Brown, "The Training of Teachers for Secondary Schools in Germany and the United States", (New York, 1911)
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