Ricardo Carvalho Calero

Ricardo Carvalho Calero

Ricardo Carvalho Calero (Ferrol, 1910 - Compostela, 1990) was a Galician philologist, academic and writer. He was the first Professor of Galician Language and Literature at the University of Santiago de Compostela. He was one of the main theorists of contemporary reintegracionism and his works on this field are considered a primary reference. Many consider Carvalho Calero as one of the most prominent figures of the twentieth century Galician intellectuality.

Youth and first involvement in politics

In his student years Carvalho Calero participated in the Spanish left-wing republican movements opposing the dictatorship of Primo de Rivera. In 1926 he moves to Santiago de Compostela to study the degrees of Law and Philosophy and do the (compulsory) military service. It is there when he gets acquainted with the ideas of Galicianism and his political activism becomes an integral part of his life thereof. In 1931 he joins the "Partido Galeguista" ("Galicianist Party") and contributes to the draft of the first Galician Statute of Autonomy alongside intellectuals such as Castelao. He also collaborated with left-wing nationalist organizations such as "Esquerda Galeguista" ("Galician Left") and with political publications such as "Claridade" ("Clarity") and "Ser" ("To Be"). He completed his college studies in 1936.

Ostracism and eventual incorporation to the University

Following the Francoist revolt and start of the Spanish Civil War in 1936, Carvalho Calero becomes a volunteer combatant for the Spanish Republic, achieving the rank of lieutenant. He was captured by the Francoists and convicted on the grounds of "secessionism" to spend sixteen years in the jail of Jaen (Spain). Yet, he was released in 1941. He returned to his natal city of Ferrol, where he had to work as a private tutor as he was banned from holding any public position, including teaching.

He re-established contact with the Galicianists and began his doctoral studies, eventually getting his PhD in 1955. This was later published in 1963 with the title "Historia da literatura galega contemporánea" ("History of contemporary Galician literature"). In 1958 he was invited to join the "Real Academia Galega" ("Royal Galician Academy"). In 1965 he was allowed to hold public positions again, and moved to the Galician capital Compostela where he would teach Galician language and literature at the "Rosalia de Castro" high school, while he started to also teach at the University of Santiago de Compostela. Finally, in 1972, he becomes the first ever university professor in the field of Galician Linguistics and Literature.

At that stage Carvalho Calero can be considered as the world expert in the work of poetess Rosalia de Castro. He also became an editor and publisher, trying to promote classic Galician writers.

"Reintegracionism"

His university research on Galician language made him gain an interest in etymology and the works of Manuel Rodrigues Lapa. This research, allied with his vast knowledge on the history of the Galician-Portuguese language, made him re-interpret Galician classics and develop the theory of what would become contemporary "reintegracionism". In short, the idea that had been stated in the past but never scientifically systematised that Galician and Portuguese languages were not just the same language in the past, sharing a common origin, but still are the same language today. Thus, Carvalho Calero raised as the chief supporter of that view.

With the end of the Franco dictatorship in 1977, Galicia became an autonomous community with Galician as its official language (alongside with Spanish). It was then urgently required to establish a fixed standard form. As professor of Galician language and literature, Carvalho Calero was appointed to lead the group of experts that should prepare the new norms for Galician. The first draft was produced in 1979 with the title "Normas ortográficas do idioma galego" ("Orthographic norms of the Galician language"). These norms recommended a gradual approach to Portuguese, using Portuguese as the most suitable orthographic reference for spoken Galician and, still, often allowing for a number of different solutions in case of doubt.

However, this approximation to Portuguese was perceived by some pro-Spanish conservative groups as a possible political stance. Consequently, the norms were revoked without Carvalho's consent by means of a special law (the "Decreto Filgueira"). In the light of those events Carvalho Calero resigned his position in 1980. A new set of norms was passed in 1982 by the newly created "Instituto Galego da Lingua" ("Galician Institute for the Language") and even the Royal Galician Academy, of which he was still a member. Carvalho Calero had by then helped to create the Galician Association for the Language (1981), in order to counteract what he thought to be an attempt to "damage" the language [http://www.agal-gz.org/modules.php?name=Sections&op=viewarticle&artid=5] .

He became an open critic of the new decisions on Galician language which he considered to be merely "political and not scientific". He even stated that the new norms and linguistic laws provoked a situation which "is anti-hygenic and goes against the economy" (in "Uma voz na Galiza", 1984). In 1984, he was awarded the "Medalla Castelao" - the greatest civil award in Galicia - and was invited to join the "Concello da Cultura Galega" ("Council for the Galician Culture"), but he declined the invitation.

Carvalho Calero died in Santiago de Compostela in 1990.

elected works

Poetry

*"Trinitarias", 1928 (in Spanish)
*"Vieiros", 1931
*"La soledad confusa", 1932 (in Spanish)
*"O silencio axionllado", 1934
*"Anxo da terra", 1950
*"Poemas pendurados dun cabelo", 1952
*"Calteiro de Fingoi", 1961
*"Pretérito Imperfeito", 1980
*"Futuro condicional", 1982
*"Cantigas de amigo e outros poemas", 1986
*"Reticências", 1990

Theatre

*"Catro pezas" (four plays in one, including: "A sombra de Orfeo", "Farsa das zocas", "A arbre", "Auto do prisioneiro"), 1971
*"Teatro Completo", 1982

Narrative

*"Xente da Barreira", 1950
*"Scórpio", 1987

Essay

*"Sete poemas galegos", 1955
*"História da Literatura Galega Contemporánea", 1963 (re-edited in 1975 and 1976)
*"Versos iñorados e ou esquecidos de Eduardo Pondal", 1961
*"Gramática elemental del gallego común", 1966
*"Brevario antológico de la literatura gallega contemporánea", 1966
*"Edición de "Cantares gallegos" de Rosalía de Castro", 1969
*"Libros e autores galegos: dos trovadores a Valle Inclán", 1970
*"Sobre lingua e literatura galega", 1971
*"Particularidades morfológicas del lenguaje de Rosalía de Castro", 1972
*"Poesías de Rosalía de Castro", with L. Fontoira Surís, 1972
*"Estudos rosalianos", 1977
*"Problemas da Língua Galega", 1981
*"Da Fala e da Escrita", 1983
*"Letras Galegas", 1984
*"Escritos sobre Castelao", 1989
*"Do Galego e da Galiza", 1990 (posthumous)
*"Umha voz na Galiza", 1992 (posthumous)

References

*"Conversas en Compostela con Carvalho Calero", Fernám Velho, M.A. and Pilhado Maior, F., Sotelo Blanco, 1986
*"Conversas con Carvalho Calero", Blanco, C., Galáxia, 1989
*"Ricardo Carvalho Calero, a razom da esperanza", in "A Nosa Cultura" no. 13, A Nosa Terra, (including the video "Ricardo Carvalho Calero; a posibilidade de rectificar a história"), 1991
*"Voz e Siléncio (entrevista com R. Carvalho Calero)", Salinas Portugal, F., Ed. do Cúmio, 1991
*"Carvalho Calero e a sua obra", Monteiro Santalha, M., Laiovento, 1993
*"Ricardo Carvalho Calero. A dignidade persoal", Palharés, P. and Tato Fontainha, L., Concello de Ferrol, 1994
*"Conhecermos Carvalho Calero. Umha vida polo galego e a Galiza", Grupo de Língua da Fundaçom Artábria, Fundaçom Artábria, 2000

External links

* [http://correiodeartabria.googlepages.com/caderno-conhecermos-carvalho.pdf Caderno "Conhecermos Carvalho Calero"] , PDF published by Fundaçom Artábria, Ferrol
* [http://www.agal-gz.org/blogues/index.php/carvalho/2008/06/03/artigo_de_mauricio_castro_carvalho_caler_1 "Carvalho Calero no século XX galego"] , by Maurício Castro


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Поможем решить контрольную работу

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Ricardo Carvalho Calero — Saltar a navegación, búsqueda Ricardo Carvallo Calero, también Ricardo Carvalho Calero (Ferrol, La Coruña, 30 de octubre de 1910 Santiago de Compostela, La Coruña, 25 de marzo de 1990), maestro de varias generaciones, licenciado en Derecho y en… …   Wikipedia Español

  • Ricardo Carvalho Calero — Ricardo Carballo Calero (connu sous Ricardo Carvalho Calero, graphie lusiste), né à Ferrol en Galice (Espagne) le 30 octobre 1910 et mort à Lugo le 25 mars 1990, est un philologue et écrivain galicien. Il a été membre de la… …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Ricardo Carballo Calero — Ricardo Carvalho Calero Ricardo Carballo Calero (connu sous Ricardo Carvalho Calero, graphie lusiste), né au Ferrol en Galice (Espagne) le 30 octobre 1910 et mort à Lugo le 25 mars 1990 est un philologue et écrivain galicien. Il a été membre de… …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Carvalho — Carvalho, meaning oak , is a common surname in Portugal, Brazil, Galicia (although in Galicia it may be spelled Carvallo or Carballo ) and people from the State of Goa in India as well as from Vasai, a town to the north of Mumbai in India. It is… …   Wikipedia

  • Ricardo Flores Peres — (Sada, Galiza, May 1, 1903 Buenos Aires, Argentine, July, 2002), was a defender of the galician independentist movement, in 20s 30s of the 20th century, by a means of the Pondal Nationalist Society, and it s periodical, A Fouce ( The sickle… …   Wikipedia

  • Historia de la lengua gallega — La Historia de la lengua gallega puede resumirse como siete siglos de normalidad –desde sus orígenes cuando se separó del latín galaico hacia el siglo IX d.C. hasta la introducción del castellano en el siglo XVI y cinco siglos de conflictos… …   Wikipedia Español

  • Reintegrationism — The term reintegrationism ( reintegracionismo ) refers to the linguistic and cultural movement in Galicia which defends the unity of Galician and Portuguese as a single language. In other words, it postulates that Galician and Portuguese… …   Wikipedia

  • List of Portuguese language authors — This is a list of Portuguese language authors, by country and then alphabetically. TOC Angola*Agostinho Neto *Aires Almeida dos Santos *Ondjaki *Pepetela *Sousa Jamba *Timóteo Ulika *Uanhenga Xitu ou Mendes de Carvalho *Viriato da Cruz *Kardo… …   Wikipedia

  • Academia Galega da Língua Portuguesa — Sesión interacadémica entre la Academia Brasileña de Letras, la Academia de las Ciencias de Lisboa y la AGLP en Lisboa, Portugal, 14 de abril de 2009. Academia Galega da Língua Portuguesa (en castellano: Academia Gallega de la Lengua Portuguesa)… …   Wikipedia Español

  • Galleguisme (politique) — Estreleira : drapeau issu des mouvements politiques de la gauche galicienne et qui est devenu au début du XXIe siècle le symbole du nationalisme galicien. Le galleguisme (galeguismo en galicien) es …   Wikipédia en Français

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”