Aseroë rubra

Taxobox
name = "Aseroë rubra"

---

image_width = 200px
image_caption = "Aseroe rubra" on woodchips,
Bomaderry Creek, NSW
regnum = Fungi
divisio = Basidiomycota
classis = Agaricomycetes
ordo = Phallales
familia = Phallaceae
genus = "Aseroë"
species = "A. rubra"
binomial = "Aseroë rubra"
binomial_authority=Labill., 1800

"Aseroë rubra", commonly known as the anemone stinkhorn and sea anemone fungus, is a common and widespread Australian basidiomycete fungus recognizable for its foul odour of carrion and its anemone shape when mature. Found in gardens on mulch and in grassy areas, it resembles a red star-shaped structure covered in brownish slime on a white stalk. It attracts flies, which spread its spores.

Taxonomy

The first native Australian fungus to be formally described, "Aseroë rubra" was collected in 1800 in southern Tasmania and named by the French botanist Jacques Labillardière. The scientific name is derived from the Ancient Greek words "Asē"/αση 'disgust' and "roē"/ροη 'juice',cite book | author = Liddell, Henry George and Robert Scott | year = 1980 | title = A Greek-English Lexicon (Abridged Edition) | publisher = Oxford University Press | location = United Kingdom | id = ISBN 0-19-910207-4] and the Latin "ruber" 'red'. [cite book | last = Simpson | first = D.P. | title = Cassell's Latin Dictionary | publisher = Cassell Ltd. | date = 1979 | edition = 5 | location = London | pages = 883 | id = ISBN 0-304-52257-0] [Grey, p. 129] It is a member of the stinkhorn family Phallaceae though has been placed by some mycologists in a separate family Clathraceae. Like them it bears its spores in a brownish slime which smells of feces or carrion and attracts flies, which spread the spores.

Description

It begins as a partly buried whitish egg-shaped structure 3 cm (1¼ in) in diameter, which bursts open as a hollow white stalk with reddish arms erupts and grows to a height of 10 cm (4 in). It matures into a reddish star-shaped structure with six to ten arms up to 3.5 cm (1½ in) long radiating from the central area. These arms are bifid (deeply divided into two limbs). The top of the fungus is covered with dark olive-brown slime or gleba, which smells of rotting meat. There is a cup-shaped volva at the base that is the remnants of the original egg.cite book |title=Fungi Down Under:the Fungimap Guide to Australian Fungi|author=Grey P|year=2005|pages=p95|publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens |location=Melbourne |isbn=0-646-44674-6]

Distribution and habitat

This fairly common fungus is widely distributed in Australia from southeastern Queensland through New South Wales and eastern Victoria and Tasmania. It is also found across the islands in the Pacific Ocean. A saprotroph, it is found on woodchips and mulch and is common in gardens and amenities plantings. it also occurs in alpine grasslands and woodlands.

From its natural habitat it appears to have travelled to other parts of the world in garden or soil products; it was recorded growing on soil transported from Australia in a glasshouse in Kew Gardens in 1829 [cite web|author= Entwisle T, Catterns A|title = Starfish Fungus:Tim Entwisle talks to Angela Catterns on 702 ABC Sydney — 29 July 2003 | work = Royal Botanic Gardens website|publisher = Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney
date = 2003-07-29
url = http://www.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/plant_info/talking_plants/talking_plants_archive/talking_plants_events_calendar/event_view?SQ_CALENDAR_VIEW=event&SQ_CALENDAR_EVENT_ID=72342|accessdate =2008-01-18] and later in California in North America.

References

External links

* [http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/publications/fungi/aseroe-rubra.html Australian Biological Resources Study website with photo in various stages of development]
* [http://fungimap.rbg.vic.gov.au/fsp/sp003.html Fungimap recording project with updated distribution map within Australia]