Thomas Howard (pirate)

Infobox Pirate
name=Thomas Howard
lived=c. 16??-17??


caption=
nickname=
type= Pirate
placeofbirth= Unknown
placeofdeath= Rapajura, India
allegiance=
serviceyears= 1698-1703
base of operations= Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, Red Sea
rank=
commands= "Prosperous"
battles=
wealth=
laterwork=

Thomas Howard was a pirate primarily active in the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea during the Golden Age of Piracy. He served under other pirates of the time, including George Booth and John Bowen. He also commanded the 36-gun "Prosperous". He later retired to Rapajura, in India, where he married a local woman. He was later murdered by her relatives.

Early life

While little about his early life is known, Howard arrived in Jamaica at some time prior to 1698 after spending his entire inheritance. [ [http://www.vleonica.com/howard.htm] . Thomas inherited a great deal of... "www.vleonica.com/howard.htm" V'léOnica Roberts] Howard began his career by, along with a small group of pirates, first stealing a canoe and then stealing further ships until they captured a 24-gun ship. Howard was elected quartermaster by the crew.

After attacking a number of ships off the east coast of North America during 1698, the ship crossed the Atlantic Ocean and began raiding the West Coast of Africa in 1699. Howard and the crew took a large prize from a ship that had run aground on a reef off Madagascar. Shortly after this, Howard was marooned by the crew while hunting and it was not until he was rescued by George Booth in early 1701. Serving alongside John Bowen aboard the "Speaker", Howard remained with the crew following Booth's death and Bowen's subsequent election as captain. Following the loss of the "Speaker" after grounding on St. Augustine's Reef, Howard settled on the nearby island of Mauritius.

As captain of the "Prosperous"

After a short period of time he recruited a group of pirates and took the 36-gun "Prosperous". Howard was elected captain at Christmas 1702 again met with John Bowen, at the port of Mayotta. Together, the two attacked the East Indiaman "Pembroke" in March 1703, off Johanna Island in the Comoros Islands. Howard left Bowen for a period of time - while Bowen's ship "Speedy Return" was being careened - but the two cooperated again in August 1703 where they attacked and took two Indian ships, with a combined value of £70,000. The two crews were merged aboard the larger of the Indian ships - a 56-gun ship renamed the "Defiant" - with Bowen in command. Returning to Rajapura, the crew divided the takings.

Retirement and death

Having received his share of the prize, Howard remained in Rajapura when Bowen left with the "Dauntless". Retiring from piracy, he married a local woman. However, after a short period of time his ill-treatment of her led to his being murdered by the relatives of his wife. Captain Charles Johnson - commonly considered to be a pseudonym of Daniel Defoe - wrote about this event in A General History of the Pyrates, saying that he was "a most ill natur'd Fellow, and using her ill, he was murder'd by her Relations". [cite web|url=http://www.thepirateking.com/books/books_ghp_review.htm|title=Book Review:A General History of the Pyrates|author=Rob Ossian|accessdate=2007-11-29|Publisher=The Pirate King]

References

* Seitz, Don Carlos, Howard F. Gospel and Stephen Wood. Under the Black Flag: Exploits of the Most Notorious Pirates. Mineola, New York: Courier Dover Publications, 2002. ISBN 0-486-42131-7
*Charles Johnson (1724), " [http://brian.carnell.com/archives/related_topics/History/Pirates/etexts/Charles_Johnson/A_General_History_of_the_Pyrates/index.html A General History of the Robberies and Murders of the Most Notorious Pyrates] ", a copy on the website of [http://brian.carnell.com/about/ Brian Carnell]

Notes

External links

* [http://www.vleonica.com/howard.htm Entry for Thomas Howard on www.vleonica.com]
* [http://pagesperso-orange.fr/henri.maurel/seafaring%201.htm Brief account of Thomas Howard written by Julien Durup]