Battle of St. Michaels

Infobox Military Conflict


caption=
conflict=Battle of St. Michaels
partof=the War of 1812
date=August 10, 1813
place=St. Michaels, Maryland
result=American victory
combatant1=Britain
combatant2=United States
commander1=George Cockburn
commander2=Perry Benson
strength1=
strength2=
casualties1=29
casualties2=None

The Battle of St. Michaels was a battle during the War of 1812. Similar to the Battle of Craney Island a month earlier, American militia units were able to repulse a British landing attempt in the Chesapeake Bay.

Background

After the British defeat at Craney Island and the failure to capture Norfolk, Admiral George Cockburn moved up the Chesapeake Bay. The shipyards at the small town of St. Michaels, Maryland, became an inviting target. In early August, the British Royal Navy approached, and General Perry Benson called out the Talbot County Militia. Benson also had several artillery pieces for the defense; one battery was placed at the harbor and another was placed in front of the town.

:"In 1807 ... companies were formed and officers appointed by the State (Maryland)...and the whole was placed under the command of General Perry Benson, an officer of the Revolution..." [Tilghman, Oswald; "History of Talbot County, Maryland", Vol.2, pg. 146]

Battle

After midnight on August 10, the militia units manning the harbor battery spotted the British landing party. The British quickly landed and fired on the battery. As soon as the British opened fire the militia units fled. Only Captain William Dodson (commanding the battery) and one other man remained. They were able to get off one shot before they were forced to abandon the gun. The British advanced on the town. Benson's battery guarding the town was able to hold off the attack, and the British retreated. The British, though, claimed that they captured the town's battery and spiked the guns, making an orderly retreat. Local legend has it that the British naval guns had proved ineffective against the town because the townspeople had dimmed the lights in their homes and hung lanterns in trees beyond the town, causing the British gunners to overshoot the town and its defenses.

:"Jacob Gibson's two guns on Impey Dawson's wharf directed by Lieutenant (John) Graham were given the credit of finally driving the British back to their ships." [Footner, Hulbert. "Rivers of the Eastern Shore". pg.250-252;] [Tilghman, Oswald; "History of Talbot County, Maryland"; Vol.2, pp.164-167]

Results

As at the Battle of Craney Island, American militia units had won a decisive victory without a single casualty. The British lost 29 killed, wounded and missing. The battle had been small, but it saved the St. Michaels shipyards from falling to the British.

References and further reading

* George, Christopher T., "Terror on the Chesapeake: The War of 1812 on the Bay", Shippensburg, Pa., White Mane, 2001, ISBN 1-57249-276-7
* Heidler, David; Heidler, Jeanne, editors "Encyclopedia of the War of 1812"