Plasmodium molecular tools

Plasmodium molecular tools

"Plasmodium" species have been difficult to scientifically study, partially due to the inability to use many standard biological techniques to genetically manipulate the organism. Recent research has sought to overcome these technical barriers in order to make the parasite more amenable to study. Below is a description of published methods of genetic control within the "Plasmodium" parasite.

Transformation

* Electroporation
* loaded RBCs

DNA level

Transcription regulation

* Tet-based transactivator system - ligand inducible control of gene transcription based upon the Tet system ("P. falciparum")cite journal
last = Meissner
first =
authorlink =
coauthors =
title = Tetracycline analogue-regulated transgene expression in "Plasmodium falciparum" blood stages using "Toxoplasma gondii" transactivators
journal = PNAS
volume = 102
issue = 8
pages = 2980–2985
publisher =
location =
date = 2005
url = http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/102/8/2980
doi =
id =
accessdate = ]

Integration systems

* Rep20 mediated
* Bxb1 integrase - site-specific stable genetic integration into chromosomes mediated by mycobacteriophage Bxb1 integrase ("P. falciparum")cite journal
last = Nkrumah
first =
authorlink =
coauthors =
title = Efficient site-specific integration in "Plasmodium falciparum" chromosomes mediated by mycobacteriophage Bxb1 integrase
journal = Nature Methods
volume = 3
issue =
pages = 615–621
publisher =
location =
date = 2006
url = http://www.nature.com/nmeth/journal/v3/n8/abs/nmeth904.html
doi =
id =
accessdate = ]

Recombination systems

* Flp/FRT - induced site-specific recombination/mutagenesis using the yeast Flp/FRT system ("P. berghei")cite journal
last = Carvalho
first =
authorlink =
coauthors =
title = Conditional mutagenesis using site-specific recombination in "Plasmodium berghei" transactivators
journal = PNAS
volume = 101
issue = 41
pages = 14931–14936
publisher =
location =
date = 2004
url = http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/101/41/14931
doi =
id =
accessdate = ]

Transposon systems

* "piggyBac" - lepidopteran transposable element for random, efficient integration of DNA into genome ("P. falciparum")cite journal
last = Balu
first =
authorlink =
coauthors =
title = High-efficiency transformation of "Plasmodium falciparum" by the lepidopteran transposable element "piggyBac"
journal = PNAS
volume = 102
issue = 45
pages = 16391–16396
publisher =
location =
date = 2005
url = http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1275597#ref1
doi =
id =
accessdate = ]

RNA level

* RNAi???
* antisense
* self-cleaving ribozyme - A failed attempt to use an inducible self-cleaving ribozyme to control mRNA degradation of fused transcripts("P. falciparum")cite journal
last = Agop-Nersesian
first =
authorlink =
coauthors =
title = Functional expression of ribozymes in Apicomplexa: Towards exogenous control of gene expression by inducible RNA-cleavage
journal = International Journal for Parasitology
volume =
issue =
pages =
publisher =
location =
date = 2008
doi =
id =
accessdate = ]

Protein level

* FKBP destabilization domain - ligand-regulatable domain to promote degradation of fusion protein ("P. falciparum")cite journal
last = Armstrong
first =
authorlink =
coauthors =
title = An FKBP destabilization domain modulates protein levels in "Plasmodium falciparum"
journal = Nature Methods
volume = 4
issue =
pages = 1007–1009
publisher =
location =
date = 2007
url = http://www.nature.com/nmeth/journal/v4/n12/abs/nmeth1132.html;jsessionid=DC18DB576271C4162B287D96BBA61337
doi =
id =
accessdate = ]

References


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