Sonatrach

Infobox Company
name = Sonatrach
company_
type = State-owned Corporation
foundation = December 1963
location_city =
location_country = flag|Algeria Algeria
location =
locations =
key_people = Mohamed Meziane (President and CEO)
area_served =
industry = Oil & Gas
products = Oil (fuels, lubricants)
Natural Gas (LNG)
Petrochemicals
services =
revenue =
operating_income =
net_income = 175 billion dinars (2002)
num_employees = 120,000
parent =
divisions =
subsid = Naftal Numhyd ALEPCO GALSI GCB National Civil Engineering Co. ENTP National Well Engineering Company
slogan =
homepage = [http://www.sonatrach-dz.com
dissolved =
footnotes =
intl =

Sonatrach (Société Nationale pour la Recherche, la Production, le Transport, la Transformation, et laCommercialisation des Hydrocarbures s.p.a.) is an Algerian government-owned company formed to exploit the hydrocarbon resources of the country. Its diversified activities cover all aspects of production: exploration, extraction, transport, and refining. It has diversified into petrochemistry and the desalination of seawater.

Overview

Sonatrach is the largest Algerian company and the 11th largest oil consortium in the world. Its gross sales (as of 2002) was 1530 billion Algerian dinars for a net income of 175 billion. The company, which employs approximately 120,000 workers, produces 30% of the GNP of Algeria. Annually it produces (as of 2002) 206 million tep, including 11.7 % (24 million tep) for the domestic market. Sonatrach operates the largest oil field in Algeria, Hassi Messaoud, which produced around convert|440000|oilbbl/d|m3/d|abbr=on of crude in 2006. Sonatrach also operates the Hassi R'Mel field (north of Hassi Messaoud, south of Algiers), which produces around convert|180000|oilbbl/d|m3/d|abbr=on of crude. Other major fields operated by Sonatrach include Tin Fouye Tabankort Ordo, Zarzaitine, Haoud Berkaoui/Ben Kahla, and Ait Kheir.

Sonatrach operates over convert|2400|mi|km of crude oil pipelines in the country. The most important pipelines carry crude oil from the Hassi Messaoud field to export terminals. Sonatrach also operates oil condensate and LPG pipeline networks that link Hassi R'mel and other fields to Arzew. Sonatrach is expanding the Hassi Messaoud-Azrew pipeline, the longest in the country. The project entails a second, parallel line that will more than double the capacity of the existing line.

Selected Fields

Notes:
1.EIA 2007.

History

Sonatrach was founded in December 31, 1963. At the time, however, the Algerian state held only 4.5% of the exploration perimeters, while French interests were as high as 67.5%. [L. Blin 1990. "L'Algerie, du Sahara au Sahal". Paris: L'Harmattan] After the Arab-Israeli War in June 1967, Algeria decided to nationalize the refining and distribution activities of Mobil and Esso, and Sonatrach signed an agreement with Getty Oil on October 19, 1968 receiving 51% of Getty Oil's interests. It gained control over all Algerian petrochemical resources following President Houari Boumedienne's nationalisation of all French oil and gas holdings beginning on February 24, 1971. The old concession system was replaced by a seizure of a 51% share of French petroleum companies. Only Total agreed to continue its activities; the other companies left Algeria. Beginning on December 10, 1979, a conference on the exploitation of petroleum recommended increasing participation in the research efforts by foreign companies and countries. By a decree published in the "Journal Officiel" on May 17, 1980, Sonatrach was divided into four enterprises. From 1986, it became possible for foreign hydrocarbon companies to do business in Algeria within a partnership with Sonatrach (this process was simplified in 1991). The Sonatrach-Gaz de France accord, signed on January 12, 1989, allowed the state to set a compromise price of about $2.30 per million BTUs. A total of 9.5 billion cubic meters of natural gas were delivered annually until 1990, and Sonatrach recovered 850 million francs in arrears, since the accord applied retroactively beginning on November 1, 1987. In March 2005, the Algerian parliament adopted the hydrocarbon reform bill, encouraging international oil company (IOC) investment in the hydrocarbon sector, which Sonatrach previously dominated. However, 2006 amendments to the hydrocarbon bill created a windfall tax on IOC profits when oil prices top $30 per barrel. This tax reached up to 50% on some contracts. In addition, the amendments gave Sonatrach rights to a 51% or higher participation option on each newly discovered project. [EIA Algeria 2007]

ubsidiaries and Joint Ventures

Sonatrach owns 50% of Numhyd, a joint venture with Tunisia's ETAP, and ALEPCO, a joint venture with Libya's National Oil Corporation. In 1998, Sonatrach acquired Naftal, which is the principal company selling petroleum-based fuels for domestic consumption with about 10,000 gas stations (as of 2005.) Naftec, a subsidiary of Sonatrach, operates Algeria's four refineries, which have combined capacity of convert|450000|oilbbl/d|m3/d|abbr=on. The Skikda refinery (300,000 bpd) provides the bulk of Algeria's refined products production. The convert|30000|oilbbl/d|m3/d|abbr=on Hassi Messaoud refinery supplies products to southern Algeria, while the convert|60000|oilbbl/d|m3/d|abbr=on Algiers refinery processes crude from Hassi Messaoud for consumption in the capital. Finally, the coastal convert|60000|oilbbl/d|m3/d|abbr=on Arzew refinery produces products for domestic consumption and export. In July 2006, Sonatrach and the Chinese National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) brought online the small-13,000 bpd Adrar refinery, which is located convert|930|mi|km southwest of Algiers. [EIA Algeria 2007]

Algerian Hydrocarbon Sector

Hydrocarbons play a crucial role in Algeria's economy, accounting for roughly 60% of budget revenues and over 95% of export earnings. The country ranks fourteenth in petroleum reserves, containing convert|11.8|Goilbbl|m3 of proven oil reserves with estimates suggesting that the actual amount is even more. The U.S. Energy Information Administration reported that in 2005, Algeria had 160 trillion cubic feet (Tcf) of proven natural gas reserves, the eighth largest in the world. [http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/algeria.html Algeria Country Analysis Brief] , EIA, March 2005. Retrieved 18 Jan 2007.] As a result, Sonatrach is very important politically. Most Energy Ministers of Algeria have come from a Sonatrach background.

Air Algérie and Sonatrach

Air Algérie and Sonatrach have a bond that unites them, which is the air company Tassili Airlines. The two companies have as a goal to modernize and expand services Tassili Airlines. In 2006, so you Sonatrach the Tassili Airlines permission to expand its domestic destinations and for the future opening of international routes. In the same year Air Algérie buy eight new aircraft for the air company, which is already half was delivered in 2007 and expect complete delivery in 2008.
* 51% Sonatrach.
* 49% Air Algérie.

Presidents

: "List incomplete."
* Sid Ahmed Ghozali (1966-1977)
* ...
* Yousef Yousfi (1985-1988)
* Sadek Boussena (1988-1990)
* Abdelhak Bouhafs (1990 - 1995)
* Nazim Zouioueche (March 1995-1997)
* Abdelmadjid Attar (July 1997-1999)
* Abdelhak Bouhafs (December 1999-2001)
* Chakib Khelil (March 2001-2003)
* Mohamed Meziane (September 2003-present)

Notes

References

*Energy Information Administration (2007) [http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/Algeria/pdf.pdf "Algeria: Country Analysis Brief"]
*Sonatrach [http://www.sonatrach-dz.com/pdf/rapport/rap-2003uk.pdf Annual Report 2003]
*World Bank (2006), [ "Algeria: Economic Report"] , Social & Economic Development Group: MENA Region
*P. Mobbs (2002) [http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/country/2002/agmyb02.pdf "Mineral Industry of Algeria"]
*Thomas S. Ahlbrandt (2001) [http://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/b2202-f/b2202-ftextonly.pdf "Sirte Basin Province: Sirte-Zelten Total Petroleum System"] U.S. Geological Survey
* [http://www.sonatrach-dz.com/ Sonatrach official site (in French)]
* [http://www.ceri-sciencespo.com/archive/january/artjpe.pdf Sonatrach: The Political Economic of an Algerian State Institution] , John Entelis, 2000
* [http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/Sonatrach-Company-History.html Sonatrach history]
* [http://www.edison.it/edison/site/en/activities/gas/new-projects/ New projects of Edison S.p.A.]
* [http://www.mem-algeria.org/actu/comn/galsi.htm Project GALSI] (in French)
* [http://www.lefigaro.fr/eco/20060807.FIG000000266_l_alliance_entre_gazprom_etsonatrach_trouble_l_europe.html L'alliance entre Gazprom et Sonatrach trouble l'Europe] , Le Figaro 7 August 2006 (in French)
* [http://www.naftal.dz/ Naftal]