Taifa of Almería

Infobox Former Country
native_name = "طائفة المرية"
"Reino Taifa de Almeria"
conventional_long_name = Taifa Kingdom of Almeria
common_name = Kingdom of Almeria
national_motto =
continent = Europe
region = Mediterranean
country = Spain
era = Middle Ages
government_type = Monarchy
year_start = 1012
year_end = 1091
event_start = Downfall of Caliphate of Cordoba
event_end = Death of last king and annexation to Almoravids
p1 = Caliphate_of_Cordoba
flag_p1 =
s2 = Almoravid_dynasty
flag_s2 =




image_map_caption =
capital = Almeria
common_languages = Arabic, Mozarabic, Hebrew
religion = Islam, Roman Catholicism, Judaism
currency = Dirham and Dinar

The Taifa of Almeria (Arabic: "طائفة المرية" , "Ta'ifa Almeria" ) was a kingdom in what is now Almeria province in Spain. The kingdom originated in 1012 and lasted until 1091.

In this period the city of Almería reached its historical splendour under powerful local emirs like Jayran or Jairan, the first fully independent Emir of Almería and Cartagena and Almotacin.

Almeria declared independence of the province from Caliphate of Cordoba around 1012. It remained as an independent kingdom, although several campaigns of the Taifa of Seville diminished its territory in the North.

The kingdom was important due to its strategic location, its harbour, and a developed a very important textile industry, with around five thousand looms, being also a center of silk industry, which originated a very strong commerce with other parts of Europe and which remained until the Muslims and Jews were expelled in XVII century. The emirs of Granada, Seville and Valencia fought against this little kingdom, Almería suffered many sieges, but remained independent until the arrival of the Almoravids, except for a short period of Valencian occupation, after which the governor sent by the Valencian King Ma'n declared again the independence of Almeria.

The kingdom finally was annexed to the Almoravid empire as all the other Taifas.

Kings of Taifa Kingdom of Almeria

See also List of Almer%C3%ADa Kings

Slavic rulers
*1012 Aftah.
*1014 Jayran. slavic slave from Cordoba Caliph palace, who dedicated his rule to the development of Almeria.
*1028 Zuhayr, laso a former slavic slave from Cordoba
*1038 Abu Bakr al-Ramimi
*1038 Abd al-Aziz al-Mansur, al-Mansur's grandson, King of Valencia

from 1038 to 1041 Almeria belonged to Valencia Taifa Kingdom.

Banu Sumadih family

*1041 Ma'n ben Muhammad ben Sumadih tuchibí
*1051 Abu Yahyà Muhammad ben Ma'n, "al-Mutasim"
*Regency period of Abu 'Utba from 1052 to 1054 or 1055
*1091 Ahmad ben Muhammad, "Muizz al-dawla" (only from June to October or November 1091)

Taifa of Almeria Symbols

The first flag of Andalucia known in the history, and one of the first flags in Europe was the Taifa of Almeria flag, which was fully green except of a white strip in its middle. This flag gave birth to the green and white flag used for many other kingdoms in Southern Iberia, like the Kingdom of Granada which had a red flag as main one, but also kept many different green and white flags for the different locations of the kingdom. It is said that after the defeat of Granada, twenty flags were conquered, eighteen of which were green and white stripped. It remained also as the flag of the Castilian troops in the Andalucia region, and in XIX was adopted as the official flag for Andalucia and its autonomist movement.

Abu Asbag Ibn Arqam, a poeta from Guadix in actual Granada, vizier of King Almutassim of taifa of Almería.When he saw the green and white flag on top of the Castle "Alcazaba", he wrote a poem which is regarded as the oldest written document describing a flag in Europe:

quote
a green flag wears a belt she's made with the white dawn spreads over thou a delightful wing, let her ensure your happiness, when she grants thou a triumphant soul.

ee also

* Taifa
* Almeria
* History of Islam
* History of Spain
* Al-Andalus

External links

* [http://www.balagan.org.uk/war/iberia/0711/chronology1008.htm War upon Iberia]
* [http://personales.ya.com/rpmg/cga/libcrongeo/node170.html]
* [http://www.artehistoria.jcyl.es/histesp/contextos/6112.htm]