University of Wisconsin Armory and Gymnasium

Infobox_nrhp | name =University of Wisconsin Armory and Gymnasium
nrhp_type =nhl

|150px
caption =
location= 716 Langdon Street, Madison, Wisconsin
lat_degrees = 43
lat_minutes = 4
lat_seconds = 34.44
lat_direction = N
long_degrees = 89
long_minutes = 23
long_seconds = 53.04
long_direction = W
locmapin = Wisconsin
area =
built =1904
architect= Conover, Allan; Porter, Lew
architecture= Romanesque
designated= November 04, 1993cite web|url=http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=2175&ResourceType=Building
title=University of Wisconsin Armory & Gymnasium |accessdate=2007-12-30|work=National Historic Landmark summary listing|publisher=National Park Service]
added = November 04, 1993cite web|url=http://www.nr.nps.gov/|title=National Register Information System|date=2007-01-23|work=National Register of Historic Places|publisher=National Park Service]
governing_body = State
refnum=93001618

The University of Wisconsin Armory and Gymnasium, also called "the Red Gym," was originally built as a combination gymnasium and armory in 1892. Designed in the Romanesque style, it resembles a red brick castle. It is situated on the University of Wisconsin-Madison campus, on the shores of Lake Mendota, overlooking Library Mall.

Around the time of the construction of the building, anti-capitalist civil insurrections had occurred in a number of cities in the United States, including the Haymarket riot in Chicago in 1886. Leaders in many cities saw the need for local armories to be prepared for worker strikes and uprisings. Thus, when funding the building, the Wisconsin legislature clearly saw its use by local militia.cite web
url = http://archives.library.wisc.edu/exhibits/buildings/buildings.html
title = The Buildings of the University of Wisconsin
accessdate = 2008-09-19
author = Jim Feldman
year = 1997
publisher = UW-Madison Archives and Records Management Services] The architects, Conover and Porter, designed it with a dual purpose in mind: armory and gymnasium. Modifications were made to the plans when a new university president, Charles Adams, insisted that the second floor be capable of accommodating large assemblies. Construction began in fall, 1892 and was completed in September, 1894.

As originally constructed, the first floor of the Red Gym held military offices, an artillery drill room, bowling alleys, a locker room, and a swimming tank. The second floor contained a drill hall wide enough to permit a four-column battalion. The third floor was occupied by the gymnasium, which contained a baseball cage, gymnastic apparatus, and rowing machines. Two rifle ranges and a running track were on a level a few steps lower than the gym.

Over the next 30 years, the second floor assembly hall was the scene of speeches by William McKinley (1894), William Jennings Bryan (1912), Eugene Debs (1923), Upton Sinclair (who in 1922 had to promise not to be controversial), and the Republican state conventions of 1902 and 1904, which nominated Robert M. La Follette for governor.

The anti-military sentiment in Wisconsin that occurred after World War I resulted in the elimination of compulsory military training. The Red Gym was also no longer used for Big Ten basketball games following the construction of the university field house in 1930. In the 1930s and 1940s, much of the first and second floors was partitioned into offices. With diminishing use of the building after World War II, plans were made to demolish it, however popular sentiment delayed those plans. When a new gym was constructed on the west end of campus in 1963, the building was again slated for demolition, and again received a reprieve. In the 1960s it once again saw military use as ROTC headquarters. A firebomb aimed at the building by anti-war protesters in 1970 resulted in severe damage, which was repaired. Since then, the building has seen a variety of administrative uses, and is now the University Visitors Center.

The University of Wisconsin Armory and Gymnasium was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1993.citation|title=PDFlink| [http://pdfhost.focus.nps.gov/docs/NHLS/Text/93001618.pdf National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: University of Wisconsin Armory and Gymnasium / Red Gym / Old Red] |605 KB|date=May 11, 1993 |author=Elizabeth L. Miller and James H. Charleton |publisher=National Park Service and PDFlink| [http://pdfhost.focus.nps.gov/docs/NHLS/Photos/93001618.pdf "Accompanying 11 photos, exterior and interior, from 1991."] |885 KB]

References

External links

* [http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/hp/register/viewSummary.asp?refnum=93001618 The University of Wisconsin-Madison Armory and Gymnasium, Wisconsin State Historical Society]