List of monarchs who lost their thrones before the 13th century

This is a list of monarchs who lost their thrones before the 13th century.

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=A=

Abkhazia

* Adarnase of Abkhazia, King of the Abkhazians between 880 and 887/888, deposed and executed by Bagrat I.
* Bagrat I of Abkhazia King of the Abkhazians between 887/88 and 898/99.
* Theodosius III of Abkhazia, King of the Abkhazians. Forced to abdicate 978.

Alemannia and Rhaetia (Swabia)

* Charles the Fat, King of Alemannia and Rhaetia 876–887, deposed, died 888.

Amalfi

* Manso, Prefect of Amalfi was the Prefect of Amalfi from 898 to 914, retired to a monastery.
* Sergius II of Amalfi Duke of Amalfi 1007-1028, deposed
* Manso II of Amalfi Duke of Amalfi from 1028 to 1029, from 1034 to 1038, and from 1043 to 1052.
* John II of Amalfi Duke of Amalfi 1029–1069 with many interruptions.
* John III of Amalfi Duke of Amalfi 1073, deposed .
* Marinus Sebastus of Amalfi Duke of Amalfi 1096–c.1100. Deposed.

Anjou

* Geoffrey III of Anjou, Count of Anjou 1060–1068, deposed 1068 and imprisoned, but freed by the intervention of the Pope, died in 1096.
* Fulk of Jerusalem, Count of Anjou 1106–1129, died 1143.

Apulia

* Roger II of Sicily, Duke of Apulia 1127–1130, deposed when his duchy became a part of his new Kingdom of Sicily.

Aquitaine

* Ebalus of Aquitaine, deposed 892, restored 902. Died 935.

Aragon

* Aznar I Galíndez Count of Aragon 809–820, died 839
* Andregota Galíndez Countess of Aragon 922–925, died after 926.

Armagnac

* Bernard II Tumapaler of Gascony Count of Armagnac from 1020 to 1061, died 1064/1090.

Armenia

* Tigranes V of Armenia king of armenia-deposed by revolting rebells .

* Mithridates of Armenia King of Armenia 35-37 and 42-51 .

* Tiridates I of Armenia King of Armenia 53 and 54-56.

* Radamisto King of Armenia 51-53 and 53-54 .

* Tigranes VI of Armenia King of Armenia from 58 to 63-forced to abdicate.

* Erato of Armenia queen of armenia,reigning three times.

Asturia

* Bermudo I of Asturias, King of Asturias, abdicated 791.

* Nepocian of Asturias, King of Asturias 842.

Assyria

* Ashur-nirari V King of Assyria 755–745 BC, overthrown.
* Marduk-apal-iddina II King of Assyria 722–710 BC, died 702.

Auvergne

* Firminus, count of Auvergne c. 555 or 558, deposed, restored, 560–571.

Axum

* Kaleb of Axum ,King of Axum till c. 520,he is said to have abdicated.

* Anasa Wedem ,King of Axum in the 9th-10th century,deposed by the people.

=B=

Babylonia

*Sennacherib, King of Assyria 705-703 BC, died 681 BC.
*Marduk-zakir-shumi II, King of Babylon 703 BC, overthrown.
*Nabonidus, King of Babylon, deposed in 539BC due to the conquest of Babylon by the Persians.

Bavaria

* Louis the German King of Bavaria 817–843, lost Bavaria after the Treaty of Verdun, died 876.

Béarn

* Mary of Béarn, Viscountess of Béarn 1070-1071, died after 1187.

Benevento

* Grimoald I of Benevento Duke of Benevento 651–662, died 671.
* Audelais of Benevento Duke of Benevento 732–733, deposed.
* Liutprand of Benevento Duke of Benevento 749–758,deposed, died after 759.
* Radelchis II of Benevento, prince of Benevento 881–884 and 897-900. Died 907
* Landulf IV of Benevento Prince of Benevento 981, died 892

Bohemia

*Boleslaus III (999–1002)
*Boleslaus III (1003), second time
**Jaromir (1003)
*Boleslaus (IV) (1003–1004) (Piast; he was duke Boleslaus I of Poland)
*Jaromir (1004–1012), second time
*Oldrich (1012–1033)
*Jaromir (1033–1034), third time
*Oldrich (1034), second time
*Borivoj II (1101–1107)
*Vladislaus I (1109–1117)
*Borivoj II (1117–1120), second time
*Vladislaus I (1120–1125), second time
*Vladislaus II (1140–1172, king from 1158)
*Frederick (1172–1173)
*Sobeslav II (1173–1178)
*Frederick (1178–1189), second time
*Wenceslaus II (1191–1192)
*Ottokar I (1192–1193)
*Vladislaus III Henry (1197)
*Ottokar I (1197–1198)

Bouillon

* Godfrey I the Captive Duke of Bouillon 959-964 , died 995

* Godfrey V Duke of Bouillon 1076-1095 ,died 1100

Bulgaria

* Sabin ,Khan of Bulgaria 765–766,flead to Constantinopole 766.

* Telerig Khan of Bulgaria 768–777,forced to flee into exile.

* Boris I of Bulgaria the ruler of Bulgaria 852–889,abdicated 889 died 907

* Vladimir of Bulgaria the ruler of Bulgaria 889 – 893,deposed,blinded and imprisoned by his father.

* Peter I of Bulgaria the ruler of Bulgaria 927 to 969,abdicated 969, died January 970.

* Presian II of Bulgaria "emperor" of Bulgaria 1018,died in the 1060s.

* Constantine Bodin "Peter III" Czar of the Bulgarians 1072, deposed by Byzantium.

=Byelohravati=

* Sobjeslav ruler of the White Croats ca. 990's, died 1004 .

Byzantine Empire

*Heracleonas, deposed 641
*Justinian II, deposed 695, restored 705
*Leontius, deposed 698
*Tiberius III, deposed 705
*Philippicus, deposed 713
*Anastasius II, deposed 715
*Theodosius III, deposed 717
*Constantine VI, deposed 797
*Irene, deposed 802
*Stauracius, deposed 811
*Michael I, deposed 813
*Romanus I, deposed 944
*Michael V, deposed 1042
*Michael VI, deposed 1057
*Isaac I Comnenus, abdicated 1059
*Romanus IV, deposed 1071
*Michael VII, deposed 1078
*Nicephorus III, deposed 1081
*Andronicus I Comnenus, deposed 1185
*Isaac II Angelus, deposed 1195, restored 1203, deposed again 1204

=C=

The Caliphate

* Ibrahim ibn al-Walid The caliph 744, abdicated.
* Al-Qahir The Caliph 932-934, died 950.
* Al-Muttaqi The Caliph 940-944, deposed and blinded.
* Al-Mustakfi The Caliph 944-946, deposed and blinded.

Cappadocia

* Ariarathes VIII of Cappadocia King of Cappadocia Ruler of Cappadocia ca. 101 BCE – 96 BCE,deposed several times throughout his rule.

* Ariarathes IX of Cappadocia King of Cappadocia, deposed several tims throughout his reign.

* Ariobarzanes I Philoromaios of Cappadocia King of Cappadocia from 95 BCE to ca. 63 or 62 BCE.Abdicated.

Capua

* Lando II of Capua count of Capua 861,deposed
* Pandenulf of Capua the Count of Capua 862 – 863 and 879 – 882
* Landenulf I of Capua Count of Capua 885 – 887 .
* Laidulf of Capua Prince of Capua 993 – 999, deposed.
* Adhemar of Capua Prince of Capua 1000, deposed by his own people.
* Pandulf IV of Capua Prince of Capua 1016–1022, 1026–1038 and 1047–1050.
* Pandulf V of Capua Prince of Capua 1022-1026, surrendered in 1026.
* Guaimar IV of Salerno Duke of Gaeta 1038-1047, died 1052.Bold text

Cerdanya

* Galindo I Aznárez Count of Cerdanya 824–834, died 867.

China

* Prince He of Changyi Emperor of China 74 BC, deposed, died 59 BC
* Ruzi Ying Emperor of China AD 6–AD 9, deposed, died 25.
* Prince of Hongnong Emperor of China 189, deposed, poisoned 190.

Conflent

* Aznar I Galíndez Count of Conflent 809–820, died 839

Connacht

*Domnall mac Ruaidri Ua Conchobair, King of Connacht, deposed 1106.
*Ruaidri mac Tairrdelbach Ua Conchobair, King of Connacht, deposed 1186.

=D=

Duklja

* Dobroslav II King of Duklja 1101-1102, deposed and blinded.
* Dobroslav III King of Duklja 1102, deposed, blinded and castrated.

* George of Duklja King of Duklja 1113–1118 and 1125-1131, deposed 1118, restored in 1125.

=E=

=Edessa=

* Baldwin I of Jerusalem, count of Edessa 1098-1100,died 1118.
* Baldwin II of Jerusalem, count of Edessa 1100 to 1118, died 1131.
* Joscelin II, Count of Edessa, count of Edessa 1131–1150, died 1159.

Egypt

* Al-Aziz Uthman Ayyubid sultan of Egypt 1193-1198, died 1200

Essex

*Sigeric, King of Essex, abdicated in 798.

=F=

France

*Charles the Fat, deposed 887.
*Charles the Simple, deposed 922.

The Franks

* Hugh Capet, Duke of the Franks,956–987, merged into the French Crown 987. He died in 996.

Friuli

* Ansfrid of Friuli Duke of Friuli 694, blinded and exiled.
* Ratchis Duke of Friuli 739–744, died after 756.
* Eberhard of Friuli Duke of Friuli 846 to 863, died 866.
* Berengar I of Italy, Margrave of Friuli 874–890, died 924.

=G=

Gaeta

* John V of Gaeta Duke of Gaeta 1012-1032, deposed in 1032, died 1040.
* Guaimar IV of Salerno Duke of Gaeta 1040-1041, died 1052.

=Galicia=

* Hermeric Suevic King of Galicia 406 or 419-438,abdicated 438,died 441.
* Eboric Suevic King of Galicia 583-584, deposed by Andeca.
* Andeca Suevic King of Galicia 584-585, deposed 585.
* Malaric Suevic King of Galicia 585, deposed and captured.
* Alfonso Froilaz King of Galicia 925–926, driven out 926
* Alfonso IV of León King of Galicia 929–931, abdicated, died 933.

Galilee

* Tancred FitzRobert,Prince of Galilee 1099-1101 deposed or abdicated,restored 1109-1112 ,died 1112 .

* Joscelin I., Prince of Galilee ? -1109 ,deposed or abdicated,restored 1112-1118 .

Gascony

* Bernard II Tumapaler of Gascony was Duke of Gascony from 1039 to 1052, died 1064/1090.

Ghaznavids

* Mohammad Ghaznavi Ghaznavid Ruler 1030–1031 and 1039-1041, died 1041.

Göktürk Khaganate

* Bagatur-Shad Khieli-Qağan Göktürk Khagan 621-630, captured in 630.

Great Seljuk

* Mu'iz ud-Dīn Ahmad-e Sanjar Sultan of Great Seljuk 1118–1153, deposed 1153, died 1157.

=H=

Himayar

* Rabiah ibn Mudhar , King of Himayar,deposed in the early 6th century.

Holy Roman Empire

*Charles the Fat, Emperor, deposed 887.
*Lambert of Spoleto, Emperor, deposed 896.
*Louis III the Blind, Emperor, deposed 905.
*Berengar I, Emperor, deposed 924.

Hungary

* Peter Orseolo King of Hungary 1038-1041, 1041-1044 died 1046
* Solomon of Hungary King of Hungary 1063-1074, died 1087 .
* Stephen III of Hungary King of Hungary 1161-1162, 1163-1172, died 1172
* Stephen IV of Hungary King of Hungary 1163, died 1165

=I=

=Iberia=

* Nerse of Iberia ruling prince of Iberia from c. 760 to 772 and again from 775 to 779/80..

Iraq

* Sultan al-Daula, Buyid Amir of Irag 1012–1021, deposed 1021, died 1024

* Al-Malik al-Rahim, Buyid Amir of Iraq 1048–1055, died 1058/9.

Ireland

*Mael Seachlainn II Mór, High King of Ireland, deposed by Brian Ború in 1002, restored in 1014.

Istria

* Henry I of Istria Ruler of Istria 1077-1090, died 1127
* Engelbert II of Istria Ruler of Istria 1103-1134, died 1141
* Engelbert III of Istria Ruler of Istria 1134-1171, died 1173

Italy

* Charles the Fat, King of Italy 879–887,d eposed, died 888.
* Louis the Blind, King of Italy 900–905, deposed 905, died 928.
* Rudolph II of Burgundy,King of Italy 922–926, deposed 926, died 937.
* Berengar II of Italy, King of Italy 950–963, deposed 963, died 966.

=J=

Jerusalem

* Melisende of Jerusalem was Queen of Jerusalem from 1131 to 1153, died 1161.

Jibal

* Fakhr al-Daula Buyid amir of Jibal 976-980 and 984-997, died 997.

Judah

* Jehoahaz of Judah King of Judah 609 BC,deposed by Necho II. and died in exile.

* Zedekiah King of Judah 597 BCE – 587 BCE, deposed,captured,blinded and taken into captivity.

=K=

Kashmir

*Nirjitavarman, King of Kashmir 907 and 923-924. Deposed or abdicated 907, restored 923, died 924
*Partha, King of Kashmir 907-923 and 936. Deposed or abdicated 923, restored 936. He died 936.
*Chakravarman, King of Kashmir 935-936 and 936-938. Deposed 936, but restored shortly afterwards.
*Sussala, King of Kashmir 1113-1120 and 1120-1127. Deposed 1120, but restored shortly afterwards. Died 1127.

Khorasan

* Muhammad of Khorasan governor of Khurasan, from 862 until 873, deposed, died around 890.

Khoruska

* Ludevit of Posavian Croatia, ruler of Khoruska within the Carolignian empiere 819-820, died 823.

Kievan Rus'

* Iziaslav I of Kiev Grand Prince of Kiev 1054-1068 and 1069-1073,1076–1078,

* Vseslav of Polotsk Grand Prince of Kiev in 1068–1069 ,deposed 1069,died 1101

=L=

Latin Empire

* Baldwin II of Courtenay ,emperor of the Latin empire 1228-1261,deposed

=León=

* Alfonso IV of León King of León 925–931, abdicated, died 933.

Lesser Armenia

* Cotys IX king of lesser armenia,reigned 38 to until at least 47,forded to abdicate

Lombardy

* Perctarit King of the Lombards 661–662 and 671–688.
* Garibald King of the Lombards 671, deposed in favour of his uncle Perctarit.
* Cunipert King of the Lombards 688–689 and 689-700
* Ratchis King of the Lombards 744–749

Lotharingia

* Charles the Fat, King of Lotharingia 882–887, deposed, died 888.

* Charles the Simple, King of Lotharingia 911–922, deposed 922, died 923.

Lydia

*Croesus, King of Lydia, 560BC-547BC, deposed by the Persians, 547BC.

=M=

Macedon

*Antipater II, King of Macedon, deposed 294 BC.
*Demetrius I Poliorcetes, King of Macedon, deposed 288 BC.
*Meleager (king), King of Macedon 278 BC, deposed in that same year.
*Pyrrhus, King of Macedon and Epirus, deposed 285 BC, restored 274 BC.
*Antigonus Gonatas, King of Macedon, deposed 274 BC, restored 272 BC.
*Perseus, deposed 168 BC.

Maine

* Fulk of Jerusalem, Count of Maine 1110–1126, died 1143.

=Media=

* Astyages King of the Median Empiere 585 BCE-550 BCE, overthrown in 550.

Morocco

* Al-Hasan ibn Kannun sultan of Morocco 954–974,deposd,died 985.

* Hammama Ibn El Moez sultan of Morocco 1026 - 1033 and 1038 - 1040.

Mortain

* Henry II of England, Count of Mortain 1151-1153, died 1189

=N=

=Naples=

*Stephen II of Naples Duke of Naples 755–766, died 799.
*Theoctistus of Naples Duke of Naples 818-821, replaced by Byzantium.
*Contardus of Naples Duke of Naples 840, deposed by his people.
*Sergius II of Naples Duke of Naples 870-877, deposed and blinded by his brother.

Nitra

* Pribina, Prince of Nitra 839-861, expelled by Rastislav .

Numidia

* Jugurtha King of Numidia 117 to 105 BC,captured in war by romans and executed in Rome 104 BC.

* Hiempsal II King of Numidia 88 to 60 BC,deposed by the Numidians in 81,restored by Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus .

=O=

=P=

Paris

* Odo of France ,count of Paris until 888,died 898.

Parthia

* Mithridates III of Parthia, Great King of Parthia 70–57 BC, deposed 57, died 53 BC.
* Vonones I of Parthia, Great King of Parthia 8–12, deposed 12, died 19.
* Artabanus II of Parthia, Great King of Parthia 10–35 and 36-38, deposed 35, restored 36, died 38.
* Tiridates III of Parthia, Great King of Parthia 35–36 AD, deposed and fled to Syria.
* Vologases II of Parthia, Great King of Parthia 77–80, deposed.

Persia

* Arsames of Persia allegedly briefly king of Persia, deposed by Cyrus II.

* Bessus (Artaxerxes V.) ruling over small parts of Persia 330-329 BC,ordered the killing of Darius III.He was deposed and handed over to Alexander by his own people.

Pontus

* Polemon II. , king of Pontus and Cicilia 38-62,forced to abdicated in Pontus by Nero.

=Q=

Qin

* Qin Shi Huang King of Qin 246 BCE – 221 BCE, title merged into the imperial title of China 221 BCE, died 210 as Emperor of China.

=R=

=S=

Saffarid amirate

* Tahir I Saffarid amir 901–908, deposed and imprisoned in Baghdad.
* Laith Saffarid amir 909–910, deposed, died 928.
* Mohammed I of Persia Saffarid amir 910–911, deposed.

Salerno

* Sico of Salerno prince of Salerno 851–853, died 855.
* Adhemar of Salerno prince of Salerno 853–861, deposed by his own people.
* Manso I of Amalfi prince of Salerno 981-983, died 1004.
* John I of Amalfi prince of Salerno 981–982, died 1007.
* Gisulf II of Salerno prince of Salerno (1052–1077), died around 1090.

Samanids

* Mansur II of Samanid ,997–999, deposed and blinded.

Seleucid Empire

* Antiochus Hierax separatist ruler of parts of the selucid empire 246-before 226 BC,waging war to govern all of Anatolia,he was defeated and expelled to Egypt,where he was killed by robbers.

Scotland

*Duncan II, King of Scots, deposed 1094.
*Donald III, King of Scots, deposed 1097.
*John, King of Scots, deposed 1296.

=Sicily=

*William III, King of Sicily, deposed 1194.

Sistan

* Abdallah ibn Ahmad Amir of Sistan 922–923, deposed and captured.

Spoleto

* Adhemar of Capua Duke of Spoleto 998–999, died after 1000.
* Landulf IV of Benevento Duke of Spoleto 981, died 982.
* Conrad of Urslingen Duke of Spoleto from 1183 to 1190 and then from 1195 to 1198, died 1202.

Styria

* Ottokar IV of Styria ruler of Styria fl. ca. 1030, died 1038
* Ottokar V of Styria ruler of Styria 1047-1080, died before 1083

=T=

Tabaristan

* Shams al-Mo'ali Abol-hasan Ghaboos ibn Wushmgir Ziyarid ruler 977–981, deposed, died 1012.

Tang-Ch'ang

*Liang Mi-ting, King of Tang-Ch'ang 541-550 and 550-564. Deposed 550, but restored shortly afterwards. Died 564.

Taranto

* Bohemond II of Antioch, Prince of Taranto 1088–1128, died 1131.
* Roger II of Sicily, Prince of Taranto 1128-1131, died 1154.

=U=

Urgell

* Galindo I Aznárez, Count of Urgell, 834.

=V=

Visigoths

*Witiza (Achila), King of the Visigoths, deposed by Roderic in 710.

=W=

Wessex

* Sigeberht of Wessex 756-757,deposed and ultimately killd.

=Wei=

*Xian Wen Di, King of Wei 465-471, deposed or abdicated 471, died 475.

Wu

*Modi of Wu, King of Wu 264-280, deposed or abdicated 280, died 281
*Jingdi of Wu, King of Wu 555-556, deposed or abdicated 556, died 558
*Lin Hai Wang, King of Wu 566-568, deposed or abdicated 568, died 570
*King Fuchai of Wu King of Wu 495 BC - 473 BC, deposed 473 and committed suicide.
*Yu Chung-Kuang, King of Wu 961-976, deposed 976, died 978

=X=

=Y=

=Z=

=Zhao=

* King Youmiu (幽繆王), King of Zhao 236 BC–228 BC, captured and deposed by Qin.
* King Dai (代王), King of Zhao v228 BC–222 BC captured and deposed by Qin.

ee also

* List of monarchs who lost their thrones in the 20th century
* List of monarchs who lost their thrones in the 19th century
* List of monarchs who lost their thrones in the 18th century
* List of monarchs who lost their thrones in the 17th century
* List of monarchs who lost their thrones in the 16th century
* List of monarchs who lost their thrones in the 15th century
*List of monarchs who lost their thrones in the 14th century
*List of monarchs who lost their thrones in the 13th century