Editto Bulgaro

Editto Bulgaro

The Editto Bulgaro (English: "Bulgarian Edict"), also going under the name of "the Bulgarian Ukase" in Italian newspapers, was a statement of Silvio Berlusconi, at the time Prime Minister of Italy, about the behavior of some journalists and television stars in the Italian media system, which was pronounced during a press conference with Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, at the time Prime Minister of Bulgaria, on 18 April 2002.

Contents

Statement

L'uso che Biagi -- come si chiama quell'altro...? Santoro, ma l'altro... Luttazzi -- hanno fatto della televisione pubblica, pagata coi soldi di tutti, è un uso criminoso. E io credo che sia un preciso dovere da parte della nuova dirigenza di non permettere più che questo avvenga.

English translation

The use that Biagi - what's the name of the other one? Santoro, but the other one... Luttazzi - have made of public television, paid with everyone's money, is criminal. I believe that it is a precise duty of the new management [of RAI] to prevent this from happening again.

The aftermath

After this statement, the then-new management of RAI cancelled Biagi's, Santoro's and Luttazzi's shows, officially because they were no longer competitive (though the figures portrayed very good results). Biagi and Santoro were allowed to work with RAI after Berlusconi's House of Freedoms was defeated in the 2006 Italian general election, but Daniele Luttazzi is still banned from RAI . He went back on TV briefly when the La7 network hired him in 2007.

The aftermath for Enzo Biagi

Enzo Biagi began a controversy with the RAI, and initially his show, Il fatto (the fact) was moved in a late time, then moved to the channel Rai Tre and in the end cancelled. Feeling himself mocked by the RAI, he decided not to renegotiate his contract with the network. The contract expired on December 31, 2002.

Biagi continued to criticize Berlusconi in Italy's leading newspaper, Il Corriere della Sera, and was defended by the direction of the newspaper in an argument with Silvio Berlusconi.[1]

He reappeared on television on May 26, 2005, when he was interviewed by Fabio Fazio for Che tempo che fa of Rai Tre. He returned to Fazio's program twice, demonstrating his affection for Rai, especially Rai Tre. He was invited to the show Rockpolitic along with Luttazzi and Santoro for an episode about freedom of press, but he declined to appear, citing health problems.

On April 22, 2007 he returned to TV with a program called RT - Rotocalco Televisivo (Television Magazine), but after seven episodes he could not continue due to his worsening health. He died ten days afterwards, on November 6, 2007, in Milan, at the age of 87.

The aftermath for Michele Santoro

Forza Italia, Berlusconi's party, sued RAI because of Santoro's show on six separate counts, which led to Santoro's dismissal.

Santoro sued RAI for unfair dismissal, and won the case in 2005, with a compensation of 1,400,000 € and the reintegration in the same time range in TV with the program Anno Zero.[2]

The aftermath for Daniele Luttazzi

Luttazzi's show Satyricon was suspended in December 2002. Satyricon had high shares, with audience peaks of 7.5 millions.[3]

Officially, the suspension of Luttazzi's show, as well as of Biagi's, were motivated by the necessity of RAI to counter the competition (its main competitor being Silvio Berlusconi's Mediaset). Moreover, Luttazzi's show had already generated controversy at least in two separate occasions: in parodying David Letterman's, he sniffed actress Anna Falchi's panties after she'd taken them off and given them to him; in a later show, he simulated coprophagia (actually eating chocolate). Such episodes were later used among the official motivations for the suspension of the show.

On the other hand, Luttazzi claims the real reason was his interview to journalist Marco Travaglio, aired before the official start of 2001 general elections campaign (an Italian law forbids to discuss political themes - outside political debates and ads - after the campaign has started). In this interview Travaglio talked about his book L'odore dei soldi ("The smell of money"), in which he questioned the obscure origin of Berlusconi's wealth at the beginning of his career, and the alleged liaisons of him and some of his closest aides with the Mafia.

Following the interview, in fact, Luttazzi and Travaglio were sued separatedly by Silvio Berlusconi, his party Forza Italia, the enterprises Fininvest and Mediaset (directly linked to Berlusconi) and Giulio Tremonti (later appointed minister by Berlusconi). The two were accused, among the rest, of having damaged Berlusconi's image during the campaign as well as the image of the above mentioned enterprises. Both Luttazzi and Travaglio were later ruled not guilty (according to the judges, all they had told in the interview was based on true facts and documents, and the interview took place before the official beginning of the campaign). A later edition of L'odore dei soldi triumphantly read on the cover "the authors released [from any accusation], Berlusconi ruled to pay for legal expenses".

Daniele Luttazzi is still banned from RAI. He went back on TV in 2007, when the new general election were won by Romano Prodi and his centre-left coalition. The network La7 hosted some episodes of his new show, Decameron, until its abrupt cancellation in December. The official motivation was a crude joke addressed to journalist Giuliano Ferrara, a well-known supporter of Berlusconi and former Minister for the Relationship [of the government] with the Parliament. Ferrara hosted his own show on La7, Otto e Mezzo ("Half past Eight", after the time in which the show's usually aired), and the network claimed that Luttazzi, by offending him with the above-mentioned joke, had gone too far.

Luttazzi claims the alleged offence to Ferrara is a scapegoat, as the next episode of his show was going to focus on the pope, hinting that the network wanted to prevent that episode from being aired.

References and sources

  1. ^ [1] from Republica May 21st, 2006
  2. ^ [2], (IT) Condanna della RAI per licenziamento Santoro, from "Il Corriere della Sera"
  3. ^ Daniele Luttazzi Smemorati di sinistra, il manifesto 16 Sept 2009

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