Shato Turks

Shato Türks (Shato, Sanskrit Sart [Zuev Yu.A., "Horse Tamgas from Vassal Princedoms (Translation of Chinese composition "Tanghuyao" of 8-10th centuries)", Kazakh SSR Academy of Sciences, Alma-Ata, I960, p. 127 (In Russian)] ) is a prominent group of tribes that has a traceable history from the central Asian Hun confederation in the 3rd century BCE to the present. Shato tribes descended from the Chuüe (Pinyin: Chuyue, Ch. 處月 Chuyue = 'abode of the Moon [god] '), or Chigil [Zuev Yu.A., "Horse Tamgas from Vassal Princedoms (Translation of Chinese composition "Tanghuyao" of 8-10th centuries)", Kazakh SSR Academy of Sciences, Alma-Ata, I960, p. 127 (In Russian)] tribes, Chinese historians used the name Chumuhun as a collective name for the six Chu tribes including Shato. The Chuy Hun tribes were also collectively called Üeban (Pinyin: Yueban) "Weak Huns" by the Chinese historians, Üeban Huns underwent a strong influence of the Sogdian culture. [Gumilev L.N., "History of Hun People", Moscow, 'Science', [http://gumilevica.kulichki.net/HPH/hph15.htm Ch.15] ]

A detailed analysis of the term "Shato" (Sanskrit "Sart") is in the prof. Chjan Si-man's book "New research about historical tribes of the Western Territory". Social and economic life of Türks-Sarts was studied in the article of W. Eberhard "Some Cultural Traits of the Shato-Türks. "Oriental Art", vol. 1 (1948), No 2, p. 50-55. In "Tanghuyao" Shato tamga is depicted as [Zuev Yu.A., "Horse Tamgas from Vassal Princedoms (Translation of Chinese composition "Tanghuyao" of 8-10th centuries)", Kazakh SSR Academy of Sciences, Alma-Ata, I960, p. 127, 132 (In Russian)]

Shato belonged to the Dulu group of the Hun tribes, united in a subgroup consisting of six Chu tribes Chuüe, Chumi, Chumuhun, Chuban, and two divisions of Shato, collectively known as "Chuy People". Shato left a considerable trace in the late antique histories of Shato tribal union, Xianbei and Jujan Kaganates, in the Middle Age histories of Turkic Kaganate, Türgesh Kaganate, Chigil tribes, Kimek Kaganate, Eastern Turkistan, Karluk Kaganate, Shato Türks nobles established the dynasty (923-956) of the Later Tang Chinese state (Shato western Chigil tribes) [Yu. Zuev, "Early Türks: Sketches of history and ideology", Almaty, Daik-Press, 2002, p. 8, ISBN 9985-441-52-9] . During Mongolian period Shato fell into the domain of Chagatai, and after its demise remained in its Moghul remnant in Jeti-su and northern Tian Shan. In the later history, Shato, together with Tian Shan Kirgizes, fell under domination of Mongolic Oirats, later known as Kalmyks. With the expansion of the sphere of the Kokand Emirate, the Tian Shan and Jeti-su Shato were in the protectorate of the Kokand. Presently, Kirgizstan, Kazakhstan, Russia, and China list Shato among their minority groups.

References

* Chavannes, Édouard (1900), "Documents sur les Tou-kiue (Turcs) occidentaux." Paris, Librairie d’Amérique et d’Orient. Reprint: Taipei. Cheng Wen Publishing Co. 1969.
* Findley, Carter Vaughn, "The Turks in World History". Oxford University Press, (2005). ISBN 0-19-516770-8; 0-19-517726-6 (pbk.)

See also

*History of Kyrgyzstan
*History of Kazakhstan
*History of Tuva
*History of China