AXIN2

Axin 2 (conductin, axil), also known as AXIN2, is a human gene.cite web | title = Entrez Gene: AXIN2 axin 2 (conductin, axil)| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=8313| accessdate = ]

PBB_Summary
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summary_text = The Axin-related protein, Axin2, presumably plays an important role in the regulation of the stability of beta-catenin in the Wnt signaling pathway, like its rodent homologs, mouse conductin/rat axil. In mouse, conductin organizes a multiprotein complex of APC (adenomatous polyposis of the colon), beta-catenin, glycogen synthase kinase 3-beta, and conductin, which leads to the degradation of beta-catenin. Apparently, the deregulation of beta-catenin is an important event in the genesis of a number of malignancies. The AXIN2 gene has been mapped to 17q23-q24, a region that shows frequent loss of heterozygosity in breast cancer, neuroblastoma, and other tumors. Mutations in this gene have been associated with colorectal cancer with defective mismatch repair.cite web | title = Entrez Gene: AXIN2 axin 2 (conductin, axil)| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=8313| accessdate = ]

References

Further reading

PBB_Further_reading
citations =
*cite journal | author=Kikuchi A |title=Modulation of Wnt signaling by Axin and Axil. |journal=Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. |volume=10 |issue= 3-4 |pages= 255–65 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10647780 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Segditsas S, Tomlinson I |title=Colorectal cancer and genetic alterations in the Wnt pathway. |journal=Oncogene |volume=25 |issue= 57 |pages= 7531–7 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17143297 |doi= 10.1038/sj.onc.1210059
*cite journal | author=Bonaldo MF, Lennon G, Soares MB |title=Normalization and subtraction: two approaches to facilitate gene discovery. |journal=Genome Res. |volume=6 |issue= 9 |pages= 791–806 |year= 1997 |pmid= 8889548 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Mai M, Qian C, Yokomizo A, "et al." |title=Cloning of the human homolog of conductin (AXIN2), a gene mapping to chromosome 17q23-q24. |journal=Genomics |volume=55 |issue= 3 |pages= 341–4 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10049590 |doi= 10.1006/geno.1998.5650
*cite journal | author=von Kries JP, Winbeck G, Asbrand C, "et al." |title=Hot spots in beta-catenin for interactions with LEF-1, conductin and APC. |journal=Nat. Struct. Biol. |volume=7 |issue= 9 |pages= 800–7 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10966653 |doi= 10.1038/79039
*cite journal | author=Liu W, Dong X, Mai M, "et al." |title=Mutations in AXIN2 cause colorectal cancer with defective mismatch repair by activating beta-catenin/TCF signalling. |journal=Nat. Genet. |volume=26 |issue= 2 |pages= 146–7 |year= 2000 |pmid= 11017067 |doi= 10.1038/79859
*cite journal | author=Dong X, Seelan RS, Qian C, "et al." |title=Genomic structure, chromosome mapping and expression analysis of the human AXIN2 gene. |journal=Cytogenet. Cell Genet. |volume=93 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 26–8 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11474173 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Leung JY, Kolligs FT, Wu R, "et al." |title=Activation of AXIN2 expression by beta-catenin-T cell factor. A feedback repressor pathway regulating Wnt signaling. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=277 |issue= 24 |pages= 21657–65 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11940574 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M200139200
*cite journal | author=Anderson CB, Neufeld KL, White RL |title=Subcellular distribution of Wnt pathway proteins in normal and neoplastic colon. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 13 |pages= 8683–8 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12072559 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.122235399
*cite journal | author=Schwarz-Romond T, Asbrand C, Bakkers J, "et al." |title=The ankyrin repeat protein Diversin recruits Casein kinase Iepsilon to the beta-catenin degradation complex and acts in both canonical Wnt and Wnt/JNK signaling. |journal=Genes Dev. |volume=16 |issue= 16 |pages= 2073–84 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12183362 |doi= 10.1101/gad.230402
*cite journal | author=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, "et al." |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899–903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899
*cite journal | author=Lammi L, Arte S, Somer M, "et al." |title=Mutations in AXIN2 cause familial tooth agenesis and predispose to colorectal cancer. |journal=Am. J. Hum. Genet. |volume=74 |issue= 5 |pages= 1043–50 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15042511 |doi= 10.1086/386293
*cite journal | author=Kouzmenko AP, Takeyama K, Ito S, "et al." |title=Wnt/beta-catenin and estrogen signaling converge in vivo. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=279 |issue= 39 |pages= 40255–8 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15304487 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.C400331200
*cite journal | author=Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, "et al." |title=The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). |journal=Genome Res. |volume=14 |issue= 10B |pages= 2121–7 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15489334 |doi= 10.1101/gr.2596504
*cite journal | author=Hughes TA, Brady HJ |title=Expression of axin2 is regulated by the alternative 5'-untranslated regions of its mRNA. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=280 |issue= 9 |pages= 8581–8 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15611123 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M410806200
*cite journal | author=Hughes TA, Brady HJ |title=E2F1 up-regulates the expression of the tumour suppressor axin2 both by activation of transcription and by mRNA stabilisation. |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=329 |issue= 4 |pages= 1267–74 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15766563 |doi= 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.02.102
*cite journal | author=Koinuma K, Yamashita Y, Liu W, "et al." |title=Epigenetic silencing of AXIN2 in colorectal carcinoma with microsatellite instability. |journal=Oncogene |volume=25 |issue= 1 |pages= 139–46 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16247484 |doi= 10.1038/sj.onc.1209009
*cite journal | author=Liu W, Rui H, Wang J, "et al." |title=Axin is a scaffold protein in TGF-beta signaling that promotes degradation of Smad7 by Arkadia. |journal=EMBO J. |volume=25 |issue= 8 |pages= 1646–58 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16601693 |doi= 10.1038/sj.emboj.7601057
*cite journal | author=Lejeune S, Guillemot F, Triboulet JP, "et al." |title=Low frequency of AXIN2 mutations and high frequency of MUTYH mutations in patients with multiple polyposis. |journal=Hum. Mutat. |volume=27 |issue= 10 |pages= 1064 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16941501 |doi= 10.1002/humu.9460

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