1140s in England

1140s in England

Events from the 1140s in England.

Incumbents

Monarch - Stephen of England (to 8 April, 1141), Empress Matilda (to 1 November, 1141), Stephen of England

Events

* 1140
** December - The Anarchy: Earl Ranulf of Chester captures Lincoln.
** Dryburgh Abbey founded.
* 1141
** 2 February - The Anarchy: At the First Battle of Lincoln, Robert, 1st Earl of Gloucester and Empress Matilda wrest control of the throne from King Stephen.
** 8 April - The Anarchy: Stephen captured and Matilda proclaimed "Lady of the English".
** 24 June - The Anarchy: Matilda is forced to flee Westminster during a royal banquet, and flees to Oxford.
** July - The Anarchy: Matilda I of Boulogne, wife of Stephen, recaptures London.
** 14 September - The Anarchy: Robert of Gloucester captured by forces loyal to Stephen during fighting at Winchester.
** 1 November - The Anarchy: Stephen and Robert exchanged as prisoners ending the reign of Matilda.
* 1142
** Matilda's son Henry comes to England for the first time.
** 26 September - The Anarchy: Stephen captures Oxford, and besieges Matilda inside the castle.
** December - The Anarchy: According to Henry of Huntingdon, Matilda escapes from Oxford Castle across the snow in a white cape for camouflage. [cite web|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=ychyAQ1JTVAC|title="The Anarchy of King Stephen's Reign", Edmund King, page 5|accessdate=2007-12-18]
* 1143
** The Anarchy: Geoffrey de Mandeville, a supporter of Matilda, is deprived of his castles in Essex, but subsequently captures Ely and campaigns in Cambridgeshire.
** Robert of Ketton makes the first European translation of the Qur'an into Latin.cite book|last=Williams|first=Hywel|title=Cassell's Chronology of World History|publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson|year=2005|isbn=0-304-35730-8|pages=122–123]
* 1144
** 11 February - Robert of Ketton completes the translation of "Book of the Composition of Alchemy" from Arabic to Latin. It is the first book in Europe to describe alchemy. [cite web|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=svvrC-5-G8UC|title="Alchemy", Eric John Holmyard, page 106|accessdate=2007-12-18]
** Matilda's husband, Geoffrey V of Anjou, completes the conquest of Normandy.
* 1145
** The Anarchy: Stephen captures Faringdon Castle.
** Woburn Abbey founded. [cite web|url=http://www.woburnabbey.co.uk/the_abbey/building_the_abbey.php|title=Woburn Abbey website|accessdate=2007-12-18]
** Robert of Chester makes the first translation of an algebra text from Arabic into Latin.
* 1146
** The Anarchy: Ranulf of Chester is captured, but released after surrendering his castles.
** Many knights and barons leave England to take part in the Second Crusade.
* 1147
** The Anarchy: Henry arrives in England to fight for Matilda, but is defeated in skirmishes, and returns to Normandy.
** The Anarchy: Ranulf of Chester lays waste to the land around Coventry, but fails to capture the city itself.
** 24 October - English crusaders capture Lisbon from the Moors.
* 1148
** February - The Anarchy: Empress Matilda forced to return to France.
* 1149
** 22 May - King David I of Scotland knights Henry, and cedes northern Lancashire to Ranulf of Chester, in return for control of Carlisle.cite book |last=Palmer |first=Alan & Veronica |year=1992 |title= The Chronology of British History|publisher= Century Ltd|location=London|pages= 63-65|isbn= 0-7126-5616-2]
** King David I of Scotland attempts to wrest control of the Bishopric of Durham and the Archbishopric of York from Stephen, but fails.

Births

* 1146
** William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke, soldier and statesman (died 1219)
* 1147
** Hugh de Kevelioc, 3rd Earl of Chester (died 1181)

Deaths

* 1140
** 6 February - Thurstan, Archbishop of York
* 1141
** Aubrey de Vere, Lord Great Chamberlain (born 1062)
* 1142
** Orderic Vitalis, chronicler (born 1075)
* 1143
** William of Malmesbury, historian (born 1080)
* 1144
** Geoffrey de Mandeville, 1st Earl of Essex
* 1147
** 31 October - Robert, 1st Earl of Gloucester, politician (born c. 1090)
* 1148
** Gilbert de Clare, 1st Earl of Pembroke (born 1100)
** William de Warenne, 3rd Earl of Surrey

References

ee also


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