Revolution from above

Revolution from above

A revolution from above refers to major political and social changes that are imposed by an elite on the population it dominates. By contrast, the plain term revolution suggests that pressure from below is a major driving force in events, even if other social groups cooperate with — or ultimately capture —the movement. The phrase was apparently coined by the spanish regenerationist Joaquín Costa in the 19th century. [ Stanley G. Payne, "The Franco Regime", p. 10]

ome Examples

* Enlightened Despotism in 18th-century Europe
* Stalin's Collectivization of agriculture
* White Revolution in Iran

References


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