Joint Declaration on the Question of Macau

Chinese
title=Joint declaration of the Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the Republic of Portugal on the Question of Macau
t=中華人民共和國政府和葡萄牙共和國政府關於澳門問題的聯合聲明 [cite web|title=中華人民共和國政府和葡萄牙共和國政府關於澳門問題的聯合聲明|url=http://www.imprensa.macau.gov.mo/bo/i/88/23/dc/cn/default.asp|publisher=Government Printing Bureau, Macau Special Administrative Region|accessdate=2007-12-11|language=Chinese]
s=中华人民共和国政府和葡萄牙共和国政府关于澳门问题的联合声明
j=Zung¹-waa⁴ Yan⁴-man⁴ Gung⁶-wo⁴-gwok⁸ zing³- fu² wo⁴ Pou⁴-tou⁴-ngaa¹ Gung⁶-wo⁴-gwok⁸ zing³- fu² gwaan¹- jyu¹ Ou³-mun⁴ man⁶-tai⁴ dik⁷ Lyun⁴-hap⁹ Sing¹-ming⁴
p=Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó zhèngfŭ hé Pútáoyá Gònghéguó zhèngfŭ guānyú Àomén wèntí de Liánhé Shēngmíng
por=Declaração Conjunta Do Governo Da República Portuguesa e Do Governo Da República Popular Da China Sobre a Questão De Macau [cite web|title=Declaração Conjunta Do Governo Da República Portuguesa e Do Governo Da República Popular Da China Sobre a Questão De Macau|url=http://www.imprensa.macau.gov.mo/bo/i/88/23/dc/pt/default.asp|publisher=Government Printing Bureau, Macau Special Administrative Region|accessdate=2007-12-11|language=Portuguese]

The Joint Declaration on the Question of Macau was an important treaty between Portugal and the People's Republic of China over the status of Macau. The full name of the treaty is the Joint declaration of the Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the Republic of Portugal on the Question of Macau. Signed in March, 1987 the Declaration established the process and conditions of the transfer of the territory from Portuguese rule to the People's Republic of China.cite web|title=Joint declaration of the Government of the People's Republic of China and The Government of the Republic of Portugal on the question of Macau|url=http://www.imprensa.macau.gov.mo/bo/i/88/23/dc/en/|publisher=Government Printing Bureau, Macau Special Administrative Region|accessdate=2007-12-11] The process was similar to the transfer of Hong Kong to Chinese sovereignty by the United Kingdom in 1997.

Background

By the 17th century, Portugal had established colonial rule over Macau after gaining concessions from various Chinese governments. In 1887, Portugal and the Qing dynasty signed the Sino-Portuguese Draft Minutes and the Beijing Treaty, in which China ceded to Portugal the right to "perpetual occupation and government of Macau"; conversely, Portugal pledged to seek China's approval before transferring Macau to another country. Colonial rule continued until 1974, when the Carnation revolution installed a democratic regime in Portugal that sought to end colonialism. Bilateral talks between China and Portugal led to the status of Macau being established as Chinese territory under Portuguese administration. The full framework of transfer of sovereignty was decided in 1987 with the Sino-Portuguese Joint Declaration.

Provisions

The Declaration provided for Portuguese administration to officially end on December 20, 1999. Although it would become a full part of the People's Republic of China, Macau would enjoy the status of a Special Administrative Region (SAR), with full autonomy and self-governance in domestic affairs, economic policy and internal security.cite web|url=http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/ljzg/3566/t17778.htm|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China|title=What are the main contents of the Sino-Portuguese Joint Declaration on the Question of Macau? |date=2000-11-15|accessdate=2007-12-11] The system of "One Country, Two Systems" would be established, exempting Macau from the Socialist system and several laws decreed by the central government in Beijing. The capitalist, legal system and liberal society enjoyed by Macau would remain unchanged for a minimum of 50 years after the transfer. The Chinese government would not levy taxes on Macau nor make laws pertaining to Macau's governance. The Macau SAR would enjoy a great degree of autonomy in all but foreign affairs and defense, which would remain under Chinese control. Bearing the name of "Macau, China," Macau would enjoy the right to conclude agreements and arrangements with Portugal and international organizations for its own development. The Chinese National People's Congress would enact a "Basic Law" that would formalize the respecting of some basic principles of Chinese government in Macau, but leaving other areas untouched.

ee also

*History of Macau
*One Country, Two Systems
*Sino-British Joint Declaration, a similar treaty on the status of Hong Kong

References