Henry Norris Russell

Henry Norris Russell
Henry Norris Russell
Born October 25, 1877(1877-10-25)
Oyster Bay, New York, USA
Died February 18, 1957(1957-02-18) (aged 79)
Princeton, New Jersey, USA
Nationality American
Fields astronomy
Institutions Princeton University
Alma mater Princeton University
Doctoral advisor Charles Augustus Young
Known for Hertzsprung–Russell diagram, Russell–Saunders term symbol, Vogt-Russell theorem
Influences George Darwin, Arthur Robert Hinks
Notable awards Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society (1921)
Henry Draper Medal (1922)
Bruce Medal (1925)

Henry Norris Russell (October 25, 1877 – February 18, 1957) was an American astronomer who, along with Ejnar Hertzsprung, developed the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram (1910). In 1923, working with Frederick Saunders, he developed Russell–Saunders coupling which is also known as LS coupling.[1][2]

Contents

Biography

Russell was born in 1877 in Oyster Bay, New York. He studied astronomy at Princeton University, obtaining his B.A. in 1897 and his doctorate in 1899, studying under Charles Augustus Young. From 1903 to 1905, he worked at the Cambridge Observatory with Arthur Robert Hinks as a research assistant of the Carnegie Institution and came under the strong influence of George Darwin.

He returned to Princeton to become an instructor in astronomy (1905–1908), assistant professor (1908–1911), professor (1911–1927) and research professor (1927–1947). He was also the director of the Princeton University Observatory from 1912 to 1947. He died in Princeton, New Jersey in 1957 at the age of 79.[3]

In November 1908 Russell married Lucy May Cole. They had four children. Their youngest daughter, Margaret, married the astronomer Frank K. Edmondson in the 1930s.

Published work

He co-wrote an influential two-volume textbook in 1927 with Raymond Smith Dugan and John Quincy Stewart: Astronomy: A Revision of Young’s Manual of Astronomy (Ginn & Co., Boston, 1926–27, 1938, 1945). This became the standard astronomy textbook for about two decades. There were two volumes: the first was The Solar System and the second was Astrophysics and Stellar Astronomy. The textbook popularized the idea that a star's properties (radius, surface temperature, luminosity, etc.) were largely determined by the star's mass and chemical composition, which became known as the Vogt-Russell theorem (including Heinrich Vogt who independently discovered the result). Since a star's chemical composition gradually changes with age (usually in a non-homogeneous fashion), stellar evolution results.

Awards and honors

References

  1. ^ David H. DeVorkin, Henry Norris Russell - google books
  2. ^ George Kean Sweetnam, The Command of Light - google books
  3. ^ Mehra, Jagdish; Helmut Rechenberg (2001). The Historical Development of Quantum Theory, Vol. 1, Part 2. Springer. p. 686. http://books.google.com/books?id=8tUVMSsC9wAC. 
  4. ^ "Book of Members, 1780-2010: Chapter R". American Academy of Arts and Sciences. http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterR.pdf. Retrieved 14 April 2011. 
  5. ^ "Winners of the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society". Royal Astronomical Society. http://www.ras.org.uk/awards-and-grants/awards/268. Retrieved 19 February 2011. 
  6. ^ "Henry Draper Medal". National Academy of Sciences. http://www.nasonline.org/site/PageServer?pagename=AWARDS_draper. Retrieved 19 February 2011. 
  7. ^ "Past Winners of the Catherine Wolfe Bruce Gold Medal". Astronomical Society of the Pacific. http://astrosociety.org/membership/awards/pastbruce.html. Retrieved 19 February 2011. 
  8. ^ "Past Recipients of the Rumford Prize". American Academy of Arts and Sciences. http://www.amacad.org/about/rumford.aspx. Retrieved 19 February 2011. 
  9. ^ "Grants, Prizes and Awards". American Astronomical Society. http://aas.org/grants/awards.php#russell. Retrieved 19 February 2011. 

External links

Biographies

  • DeVorkin, David H (2000). Henry Norris Russell: Dean of American Astronomers. Princeton University Press. pp. 528 pages. ISBN 0-691-04918-1. 

Obituaries


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Look at other dictionaries:

  • Henry Norris Russell — Naissance 25 octobre 1877 Oyster Bay, New York (  États Unis) Décès 18 février 1957 (à 79 ans) …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Henry Norris Russell — (* 25. Oktober 1877 in Oyster Bay, New York; † 18. Februar 1957 in Princeton, New Jersey) war amerikanischer Astronom. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Leben und Werk 2 Publikationen 3 …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Henry Norris Russell — Henry Norris Russel (1877 1957) era un astrónomo y filósofo estadounidense. Estudió en la Universidad de Princeton, donde se convirtió en profesor de astronomía en 1905 y después director del observatorio en 1911. Junto a Ejnar Hertzsprung,… …   Wikipedia Español

  • Henry Norris Russell Lectureship — El Henry Norris Russell Lectureship es un premio anual entregado por la American Astronomical Society en reconocimiento a una vida de excelencia en investigación astronómica. Henry Norris Russell fue el primer científico premiado con este… …   Wikipedia Español

  • Henry Norris Russell Lectureship — The Henry Norris Russell Lectureship is awarded each year by the American Astronomical Society in recognition of a lifetime of excellence in astronomical research.Past Russell Lecturers are: [cite web | title = AAS Grants, Prizes Awards | url =… …   Wikipedia

  • Henry Norris Russell Lectureship — Die Henry Norris Russell Lectureship ist ein jährlich von der American Astronomical Society verliehener Wissenschaftspreis in Anerkennung der Lebensleistung in der astronomischen Forschung. Bisherige Preisträger waren: 1946 Henry Norris Russell… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Henry Norris Russell Lectureship — Le prix Henry Norris Russell Lectureship est remis chaque année depuis 1946 par l American Astronomical Society (AAS), en reconnaissance d une vie consacrée à la recherche dans le domaine de l astronomie. Lauréats 1946 : Henry Norris Russell …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Maîtrise de conférences Henry Norris Russell — Henry Norris Russell Lectureship Le prix Henry Norris Russell Lectureship est remis chaque année depuis 1946 par l American Astronomical Society (AAS), en reconnaissance d une vie consacrée à la recherche dans le domaine de l astronomie. Lauréats …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Henry Norris Russell — noun United States astronomer who developed a theory of stellar evolution (1877 1957) • Syn: ↑Russell, ↑Henry Russell • Instance Hypernyms: ↑astronomer, ↑uranologist, ↑stargazer …   Useful english dictionary

  • Henry Norris Russell — Amerikansk astronom (1877 1957). Medopdager af Hertzsprung Russell diagrammet …   Danske encyklopædi

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