Theoxena

Theoxena was the daughter of prince Herodicus, a well respected person of Thessaly and one of there main leaders.

Life

This was during the time of Philip V of Macedon. He was a restless person always planning war against the Romans. One time he ordered the evacuation of most of the coastal towns of Thessaly. The inhabitants were to be moved in small groups to Paeonia, an inland region later called Emathia. Philip then heard the slanderious remarks made of him by the people that were forced to leave their towns. He decided then that it would be to his best advantage to arrest the sons of the fathers he had killed earlier and murder them, least they later decide to plot against him. This brutality of Philip making war against the Romans was very devastating to the family of Theoxena and her sister. Their parents had earlier been killed by Philip and later he murdered their husbands. Theoxena and Archo each had one little son when they became widows.

Theoxena had several offers to marry by princes, however declined all of them. Archo eventually married a man called Poris, who ranked high among the Aenianes. They had several children together, however she died young before the children grew up. In order that Archo's children might be brought up proper and not fall into the hands of another stepmother Theoxena married Poris, the widowed husband of her sister. This was more for the protection of his children, her nieces and nephews, than for her own benefit.When she heard of King Philip's plan of arresting the children of those whom he had put to death earlier, she felt sure that the boys would fall victim to the king's devices. She thought up a terrible design and dared to say that she would rather kill the innocient children with her own hands than let them fall into Philip's power. Poris, the father of the children, was horrified at the mere mention of such a deed. He said that he would send them away to some trustworthy friends in Athens and accompany them in their flight.

One day they went from Thessalonica to Aenia where a festival was being held there at the time. It was celebrated with great magnificence every four years with a pagent in honor of Aeneas, the founder of the city. After spending the day in the customary feasting they waited till midnight when all were asleep. Then they secretly went on board a ship, which Poris had waiting in the wings. They pretended they were returning to Thessalonica, but really their ultimate goal was to sail across to Euboea, a safe place for his children.

Things did not go as planned however. There was a contrary wind and the rowers paddled in vain to get away, however they were forced back to shore where they had just left. Surprised by daylight not far from land King Philip's soldiers, who were on guard at the harbor, spotted them. Philip ordered an armed boat to be sent to seize the ship containing Theoxena and her family. There was strict orders not to return without it or the men would be punished by death.

Meanwhile Poris was doing his utmost to urge on the rowers to get away. Poris lifted up his hands from time to time to heaven and implored the gods to help him. Theoxena, a woman of indomitable spirit, fell back on the purpose she had long ago devised and mixed some poison together. She then placed the cup where it could be seen by the children, together with some daggers. Theoxena declared,

::"Death alone can free us. Here are two ways of meeting it. Choose each of you which you will, as the escape from the king's tyranny. Come you boys that are the older, to be the first to grasp the knife - or if you would have a more lingering death, drink of the poison."

On the one hand was the enemy ships coming close to them. On the other hand was the insistent mother urging the children to die. Some chose the one death, some the other. The ones that chose the poison and were still half-alive were thrown overboard from the ship into the sea. Then Theoxena grabed her husband with her arms and jumped with him into the sea. Philip's sailors took possession of a ship with no people aboard.

External links

* [http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/livy/liv.40.shtml Livy: Book XL in Latin]
* [http://mcadams.posc.mu.edu/txt/ah/Livy/Livy40.html Livy: Book XL in English]

References

Primary sources

*Livy's "History of Rome": Book 40

econdary sources

*The Ancient History of the Egyptians, Carthaginians, Assyrians, Babylonians, pp. 398-399 By Charles Rollin, published 1851, Harvard University.