Administrative divisions of Mongolia during Qing

During Qing ( _mn. Daichin Gurun), Mongolia was administratively divided into 2 main regions: Inner Mongolia and Outer Mongolia.

The estate of the Jebtsundamba Khutugtu, the Great "Shabi" (from Mongolian "shabi" = disciple) would from 1723 on be independent from the four aimags, in the sense that its subjects would be exempt from most taxes and corvees. The shabi did - except the three Darkhad otog in Khövsgöl - not have an own territory. Rather, its subjects would mostly live among the general population. The shabi was led by a Shanzav or Shanzobda, and divided into otog, and then bag and arvan.fact|date=October 2007 Similar shabis would exist for other high lamas. [C.R.Bawden, "The Modern History of Mongolia", London 1968, p. 106f]

Regions under direct control

Following regions were directly controlled by the Manchu

* Dariganga - Manchu emperor's pasture, where best horses from both Inner and Outer Mongolia were collected and mastered by the Dariganga tribe. It was controlled from Kalgan. Today's location is Dariganga sum, Sukhbaatar province, Mongolia.
* Guihua Tümed
* Chakhar
* Hulun Buir

Inner Mongolia

Inner Mongolia [Michael Weiers (editor) "Die Mongolen. Beiträge zu ihrer Geschichte und Kultur", Darmstadt 1986, p. 416ff] 's original 24 Aimags were torn apart and replaced by 49 khoshuus (banners) which would later be organized into six chuulgans (leagues, assemblys). The eight Chakhar khoshuus and the two Tümed khoshuus around Guihua were directly administered by the Manchu.
*Jirim league
**Khorchin 6 khoshuu
**Jalaid 1 khoshuu
**Dörbet 1 khoshuu
**Gorlos 1 khoshuu
*Josotu league
**Kharchin 3 khoshuu
*** Kharchin Right Banner
*** Kharchin Middle Banner
*** Kharchin Left Banner
**Tümed 2 khoshuu
*Juu Uda league
**Aokhan 1 khoshuu
**Naiman 1 khoshuu
**Baarin 2 khoshuu
**Jarud 2 khoshuu
**Ar Khorchin 2 khoshuu
**Onginuud 1 khoshuu
**Kesigten 1 khoshuu
**Züün Khalkha 1 khoshuu
*Shilingol league
**Üzemchin 2 khoshuu
**Khuuchid 2 khoshuu
**Sünid 2 khoshuu
**Abga 2 khoshuu
**Abganar 2 khoshuu
*Ulaan Chab league
**Dörben Khüükhed 1 khoshuu
**Muu Myangan 1 khoshuu
**Urad 3 khoshuu
**Baruun Khalkha 1 khoshuu
*Ihe Juu league
**Ordos 7 khoshuu

Outer Mongolia

Khalkha

The Khalkha aimags were preserved - with the notable exception of the establishment of Sain Noyan Khan aimag in 1725. Each aimag would also have a chigulgan, usually named after the place where it convened. The aimags were divided into khoshuus - whose number increased from originally eight to finally 86 - and further into sums. [Weiers 1986, p.446] A sum would consist of 150 men fit for military service, a bag of 50. [ S. Demberel et.al., "BNMAU-yn tüükhiin zarim ner tomyoo, on tsagiin tailbar toli", Ulaanbaatar 1991, p. 18, 65] A military governor would be installed in Uliastai, and two civil governors (amban), one Manchu and one Mongol, in Khüree and in Kobdo.

*Ochirbatu Tüshiyetu Khan aimag 20 khoshuu
**Tushiye Gong
**Darhan Chin Wang khoshuu
**Zorigtu Wang khoshuu
**Gobi Mergen Wang khoshuu
**Erdeni Daichin Wang khoshuu
**Daichin Beise khoshuu

*Zasagtu Khan aimag 19 khoshuu
** Erdeni Bishireltu Zasagtu Khan khoshuu
** Akhai Beile khoshuu
** Dalai Gong khoshuu
** Mergen Gong khoshuu
** Degüregchi Wang khoshuu
** Tsogtoi Beise khoshuu
** Chin Achit Wang khoshuu
** Zorigtu Wang khoshuu
** Jilhanza Hutuhtu shabi
** Ilagugsan Hutuhtu shabi
** Sartaul Secen Hang khoshuu
** Bagatur Wang khoshuu
** Erdeni Beise khoshuu
** Darhan Beile khoshuu
** Daichin Wang khoshuu
** Süjigtu Gong khoshuu
** Üizen Beise khoshuu
** Nomun Khan Hutuhtu shabi
** Ilden Gong khoshuu
** Bishireltu Gong khoshuu
** Itgemjitu Beile khoshuu
** Yosotu Beise khoshuu
** Jinong Wang khoshuu

*Maha Samadhi Secen Khan aimag 23 khoshuu
**Borjigin Secen Wang khoshuu
**Achitu Wang khoshuu
**Secen Chin Wang khoshuu
**Sang Beise khoshuu
**Höbchi yin Jinong Wang khoshuu
**Hurtsa Wang khoshuu
**Dalai Darhan Beile

*Sain Noyan Khan aimag 24 khoshuu

Khövsgöl

*Jebtsundamba Khutugtu’s Darkhad Shabi 3 otog
*Khövsgöl Nuur Uriankhai 4 sum
*Ar Shirkhten Uriankhai 1 otog
*Övör Shirkhten Uriankhai 1 otog

Tannu Uriankhai

Kobdo

30 khoshuu

* Batu Irugertu Tögs Khülug Dalai Khan aimag
** Batu Irugertu Tögs Khülug Dalai Khan khoshuu
** Kobdo Taiachin khoshuu
** Daichin Zasag khoshuu
** Dalai Gong khoshuu
** Jinong Zasag khoshuu
** Erdeni Zasag khoshuu
** Erhe Zasag khoshuu
** Bagatur Zasag khoshuu
** Mergen Zasag khoshuu
** Iltei Zasag khoshuu
** Secen Zasag khoshuu
** Hurtsa Gong khoshuu
** Saragul Gong khoshuu

* Ünen Zorigtu Khan aimag

* Altai Uriankhai 7 khoshuu
** Daichin Gong khoshuu
** Tusalagchi Gong khoshuu
** Torghuud, Khoshuud 3 khoshuus
** Zakhchin Örnö, Dorno khoshuu
** Hovd Tümed Tariachin

Ili

13 khoshuu (in modern day Xinjiang)

Köke Nuur

29 khoshuu (Qinghai)
* Khoshuud Banners
* Choros Banners
* Khoyid Banner
* Torghuud Banners
* Khalkha Banner

Ejine khoshuu

Modern day Ejina banner in Alxa aimag, Inner Mongolia)

Alasha khoshuu

Modern day Alxa left and right banners in Alxa aimag, Inner Mongolia)

References