Glassworm

Glassworm
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Subphylum:	Hexapoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Diptera
Family:	Chaoboridae De Haan, 1849
Genus:	Chaoborus

A glassworm is a type of midge larva called Chaoborus. They are also known as phantom midge larvae, because they are transparent. They can be found commonly in lakes all over the world and can be up to 2 centimeters in length.

Glassworms are almost entirely transparent, except for pairs of black kidney-shaped structures in the front and the back of the body. These dots are the air sacs. They use these air sacs to migrate up and down in lakes. Glassworms breathe through the end of their abdomen and have two small eyes at the front of their bodies.

Chaoborus adults do not bite or suck blood. Larvae live in open waters and even sediments, where there is no oxygen for them to breathe. In some lakes they can found as deep as 70m. In these deep anoxic waters they can avoid predation more easily than near the surface. They get around the fact that a normal air filled invertebrate tracheal system would fail at these depths by having it reduced to just two air sacs.^[1] They are predaceous, and catch their prey with their modified prehensile antennae. They look somewhat like mosquito larvae, on which they prey and frequently destroy in large numbers.

The simplest way to collect Chaoborus larvae is by a plankton net. Glassworms are very easy to store if the water is kept cold and aerated. They are very tolerant to bad water conditions, including chlorine. They are sometimes collected and sold as fish food.

References

1. ^ Maddrell, S.H.P. (1998). Why are there no insects in the open sea? Journal of Experimental Biology 201: 2461-2464. Online.