Pfeiffer Effect

Pfeiffer Effect

The Pfeiffer Effect is an optical phenomenon whereby the presence of an optically active compound influences the optical rotation of a racemic mixture of a second compound.

Racemic mixtures do not rotate plane polarized light, but the equilibrium concentration of the two enantiomers can shift from unity in the presence of a strongly interacting chiral species. Paul Pfeiffer, a student of Alfred Werner and inventor of the salen ligand, reported this phenomenon. [cite journal
author = Paul Pfeiffer, Kurt Quehl
title = Aktivierung von Komplexsalzen in wäßriger Lösung
journal = Chemische Berichte
year = 1932
volume = 65
pages = 560–565
doi = 10.1002/cber.19320650410
] The first example of the effect is credited to Eligio Perucca, [E. Perucca "New observations and measurements upon optically active crystals (NaClO3)” "Nuovo Cimento" 1919, volume 18, pp. 112.] who observed optical rotations in the visible part of the spectrum when crystals of sodium chlorate, which are chiral and colourless, were stained with a racemic dye. [Chemical & Engineering News, Vol. 86 No. 33, 18 August 2008, p. 38, "Recognizing a Pioneer"]

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