Caves of Poland

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Tourist caves

There are currently 17 tourist caves in Poland: [cite web|last=Bartoszewski|first=Dariusz|title=Jaskinie turystyczne Polski|work=Epimenides|publisher=Sopocki Klub Taternictwa Jaskiniowego|date=2004-10-28|url=http://sktj.pl/epimenides/turyst_p.html]

Show caves

Show caves, with guided tours and requiring an entrance fee:

* Jaskinia w Mechowie, Gdańsk Pomerania
* Jaskinia Raj, Świętokrzyskie
* Jaskinia Ciemna, Ojców National Park
* Jaskinia Łokietka, Ojców National Park
* Jaskinia Nietoperzowa, Polish Jura Chain
* Jaskinia Wierzchowska Górna, Polish Jura Chain
* Smocza Jama, Kraków
* Jaskinia Niedźwiedzia, Sudetes
* Jaskinia Radochowska, Sudetes
* Jaskinia Dziurawy Kamień, Sudetes
* Jaskinia Mroźna, Western Tatras

Other

Other caves made accessible to the general public as part of a tourist trail:

* Jaskinia Malinowska, Silesian Beskids
* Dziura, Western Tatras
* Jaskinia Mylna, Western Tatras
* Jaskinia Raptawicka, Western Tatras
* Jaskinia Obłazkowa, Western Tatras
* Smocza Jama, Western Tatras

Records

* The largest and deepest cave:
*: Jaskinia Wielka Śnieżna in the Western Tatras, with the length of 23.619 km and vertical range of 824 m [cite web|last=Bartoszewski|first=Dariusz|title=Jaskinia Wielka Śnieżna|work=Epimenides|publisher=Sopocki Klub Taternictwa Jaskiniowego|date=2006-11-06|url=http://sktj.pl/epimenides/tatry/sniezn_p.html]
* The largest horizontal extent:
*: Jaskinia Miętusia in the Western Tatras, with the horizontal extent of ca. 1150 m [cite web|last=Bartoszewski|first=Dariusz|title=Jaskinia Miętusia|work=Epimenides|publisher=Sopocki Klub Taternictwa Jaskiniowego|date=2006-03-02|url=http://sktj.pl/epimenides/tatry/mietus_p.html]
* The highest cave:
*: Świnicka Koleba, a tiny tectonic granite cave in mount Świnica in the High Tatras, at ca. 2250 m above sea level [cite web|last=Nowak|first=Jakub|title=Tatry Wysokie|work=Jaskinie Tatr|publisher=Krakowski Klub Taternictwa Jaskiniowego|date=2007-10-30|url=http://www.kktj.pl/jaskinie/t-w.html] [cite journal|last=Zwijacz-Kozica|first=Tomasz|title=Pseudokras rejonu Roztoka – Pięć Stawów|journal=Dewiator|volume=15|publisher=Speleoklub Tatrzański|location=Zakopane|year=1998|month=December|url=http://st.zak.fm.interia.pl/bst/bst15/b15_6.htm]
* The deepest underground pitch:
*: Studnia Wazeliniarzy (pun – "lickspittles shaft" or "vaseliners shaft" [cite journal|last=Albrzykowski|first=Grzegorz|title=Śnieżna Studnia – Syfony|journal=Dewiator|volume=7|issue=2|publisher=Polskie Towarzystwo Turystyczno-Krajoznawcze|location=Zakopane|year=1989|month=June|url=http://st.zak.fm.interia.pl/bst/d2/d2_4.htm|quote=The shaft gets a name Studnia Wazeliniarzy, coming from guys who, for the protection of body parts exposed to the destructive influence of the microclimate of caverns, routinely used vaseline.] ) in Śnieżna Studnia in the Western Tatras, with the depth of ca. 230 m [cite web|last=Bartoszewski|first=Dariusz|title=Śnieżna Studnia|work=Epimenides|publisher=Sopocki Klub Taternictwa Jaskiniowego|date=2007-02-22|url=http://sktj.pl/epimenides/tatry/studni_p.html]
* The largest underground chamber:
*: Sala Fakro in Jaskinia Mała w Mułowej in the Western Tatras, with the size of ca. 85 × 30 × 90 m [cite web|last=Bartoszewski|first=Dariusz|title=Jaskinia Mała w Mułowej|work=Epimenides|publisher=Sopocki Klub Taternictwa Jaskiniowego|date=2005-02-07|url=http://sktj.pl/epimenides/tatry/malawm_p.html]
* The largest underground lake:
*: Wielki Kłamca ("the great pretender") in Ptasia Studnia in the Western Tatras, with the size of ca. 77 × 20 m [cite web|last=Bartoszewski|first=Dariusz|title=Ptasia Studnia|work=Epimenides|publisher=Sopocki Klub Taternictwa Jaskiniowego|date=2005-01-05|url=http://sktj.pl/epimenides/tatry/ptasiastudnia_p.html]

Biology

Notable troglobionts, troglophiles, and trogloxenes of Polish caves include: [cite web|title=Flora i fauna|work=Jaskinie|publisher=Muzeum Geologiczne Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego|url=http://edu.pgi.gov.pl/muzeum/jaskinie/fauna_i_flora.htm] [cite journal|last=Gończowski|first=Krzysztof|title=Życie w mroku jaskini|journal=Wiedza i Życie|issue=8/1996|publisher=Prószyński i S-ka|location=Warszawa|issn=0137-8929|url=http://archiwum.wiz.pl/1996/96082000.asp]

Crustaceans

* "Acanthocyclops languidoides clandestinus"
* "Bathynella natans"
* "Niphargus tatrensis"
* "Proasellus slavus"
* "Synurella ambulans tenebrarum"

Arachnids

* "Lobohalacarus weberi quadriporus"
* "Meta menardi" – European cave spider
* "Oribella cavatica"
* "Porrhomma moravicum"
* "Pseudanophthalmus pilosellus"

Insects

* "Arrhopalites pygmaeus"
* "Catops tristis infernus"
* "Choleva lederiana"
* "Mesogastrura ojcoviensis"
* "Onychiurus alborufescens"
* "Protaphorura janosik"

Bats

17 out of 21 species of Polish bats can be found in caves – most of them only in winter, during their hibernation: [cite web|last=Nowak|first=Jakub|title=Poczet nietoperzy jaskiniowych Polski|publisher=Krakowski Klub Taternictwa Jaskiniowego|date=2002-09-17|url=http://www.kktj.pl/kaciki/naukowy/nietoperze/nietoperze.html]

* "Barbastella barbastellus" – Barbastelle
* "Eptesicus nilssoni" – Northern bat
* "Eptesicus serotinus" – Serotine bat
* "Myotis bechsteini" – Bechstein's bat
* "Myotis brandti" – Brandt's bat
* "Myotis dasycneme" – Pond bat
* "Myotis daubentoni" – Daubenton's bat
* "Myotis emarginatus" – Geoffroy's bat
* "Myotis myotis" – Greater mouse-eared bat
* "Myotis mystacinus" – Whiskered bat
* "Myotis nattereri" – Natterer's bat
* "Nyctalus noctula" – Common noctule
* "Plecotus auritus" – Brown long-eared bat
* "Plecotus austriacus" – Grey long-eared bat
* "Rhinolophus ferrumequinum" – Greater horseshoe bat
* "Rhinolophus hipposideros" – Lesser horseshoe bat
* "Vespertilio murinus" – Parti-coloured bat

Conservation

Exploration

References

See also

* List of caves

External links

* [http://sktj.pl/epimenides/index_e.html Epimenides cave page]
* [http://sktj.pl/epimenides/jaskinie/ "Jaskinie"] ("The Caves") – Polish speleo magazine
* [http://yac.com.pl/mt.caves.dic.po.cen.html Polish-English caving dictionary] pl icon