Texan schooner San Antonio

The Texan schooner "San Antonio" was a two-masted schooner of the Second Texas Navy from 1839-1840. She was the sister ship of the "San Jacinto" and the "San Bernard". In 1840, "San Antonio" was part of the Texas Navy flotilla led by Commodore Edwin Ward Moore which was dispatched to assist Yucatecan rebels that had taken up arms against Mexico. In February 1842, while re-provisioning in New Orleans, the crew of the "San Antonio" mutinied and the Lieutenant was killed. This was the only mutiny in the history of the Texas Navy. That fall, the "San Antonio" sailed for Campeche and was never heard from again.

Background of the Texas Navy

The Texas Navy was officially formed in January 1836, with the purchase of four schooners: "Invincible", "Brutus", "Independence", and "Liberty". These ships, under the command of Commodore Charles Hawkins, helped Texas win independence by preventing a Mexican blockade of the Texas coast, seizing Mexican ships carrying reinforcements and supplies to its army, and sending their cargoes to the Texas volunteer army. Nevertheless, Mexico refused to recognize Texas as an independent country. By the middle of 1837, all of the ships had been lost at sea, run aground, captured, or sold. With no ships to impede a possible invasion by Mexico, Texas was vulnerable to attack.

In 1838, President Mirabeau B. Lamar responded to this threat by forming a second Texas Navy. Unlike Sam Houston, Lamar was an ardent supporter of the Texas Navy and saw the urgent need for its continuation. The second Texas Navy was placed under the command of Commodore Edwin Ward Moore, an Alexandria Academy graduate who was recruited from the United States Navy. [cite web | title=The Texian Navy| publisher=Sons of the Republic of Texas| url=http://www.srttexas.org/PDF%20files/SRT_Texas_Navy.pdf | accessdate=2007-11-01] One of the ships of this second navy was the "San Antonio" along with her sister ships, the "San Jacinto" and "San Bernard".

History of the "San Antonio"

Originally built as one of the Baltimore clippers at the Schott and Whitney shipyard in Baltimore, Maryland and called "Asp", she was one of the smallest of a class of schooners and brigs built specifically for the slave trade between 1820 and 1850. A group of six schooners, including "La Amistad" was built in Baltimore around 1836. They were identified as being " [p] urposely built and fitted out for use in the slave trade by the United States Consul General in Havana", and "Asp" was typical of the class. [cite web | title=La Amistad| url=http://www.tricoastal.com/amistad.html| accessdate=2007-11-24]

On patrol and carrying dispatches

On June 26, 1840, the "San Antonio" sailed from Galveston with the rest of the flotilla under the command of Commodore Edwin W. Moore. After a two month cruise, "San Antonio" returned to Galveston with James Treat, who had unsuccessfully sought diplomatic recognition for Texas from the Mexican government. cite web | last=Cutrer| first=Thomas |title=San Antonio| work =Handbook of Texas Online |publisher=Texas State Historical Association| url=http://www.tsha.utexas.edu/handbook/online/articles/SS/qts1.html| accessdate=2007-11-24] For the rest of 1840, "San Antonio" patrolled Texas waters, conducting surveying and cartographic operations and suppressing smuggling.

Joining the flagship "Austin" and her sister ship "San Bernard", "San Antonio" set sail for the Yucatan again on 13 December 1841. The flotilla reached Sisal on 6 January 1842, but she returned to Galveston on January 31 with dispatches from Commodore Moore. Secretary of War and Marine George Washington Hockley sent orders to Moore by way of the "San Antonio" for Moore to return to Galveston immediately with the ships. But "San Antonio" called first at New Orleans to land the survivors of shipwreck and to procure supplies for the fleet.

Mutiny

On February 11 1842, with the principal officers of the schooner on shore, a number of seamen demanded to be allowed to go ashore. The Officer of the Watch, Lieutenant Charles Fuller ordered the marine guard to protect the ship against a violent outbreak, only to have the sergeant of marines, Seymour Oswald, turn on him with a tomahawk. In the melee that followed, Fuller was shot to death and his body beaten with muskets and cutlasses. The mutineers then escaped from the ship, but were soon apprehended by the United States revenue cutter "Jackson" and were placed in jail in New Orleans. [cite web|title=Texas Navy-Mutiny| work=Archives of the Texas Navy| publisher=Texas State Library and Archives Commission|url=http://www.tsl.state.tx.us/exhibits/navy/mutiny.html| accessdate=2007-11-24] Two of the mutinous sailors were returned to the ship and the rest remained in New Orleans, pending extradition.

Final voyages

From New Orleans the "San Antonio" sailed for the Cayos Arcas where "San Jacinto" had wrecked, and from there to Sisal. Commodore Moore dispatched her to pick up Francis R. Lubbock, a survivor of President Mirabeau B. Lamar's Santa Fe expedition, who had escaped his captors and made his way to Yucatan. The ship then rejoined the fleet at New Orleans on July 1. Moore dispatched the schooner to Yucatán about October 1, 1842 by way of Galveston and Matagorda to attempt to raise funds for the fast-failing Texas fleet. She never reached Campeche, however, but was lost at sea.

Fate of the Mutineers

The state of Louisiana refused to extradite most of the sailors accused of mutiny and killing Lieutenant Fuller the previous February. Further, many witnesses had gone down with their ship in October. Nevertheless, Commodore Moore tried those hands who were aboard his flagship in April 1843. Three men were sentenced to lashes, and four others were sentenced to death. They were hanged from the yardarm of the "Austin" on April 26, 1843. Sergeant Oswald escaped jail in New Orleans and was never brought to justice, and Frederick Shepard, a mutineer who saved his life by testifying against his fellows, was killed in action three weeks later in the Naval Battle of Campeche.

Commanders of the Vessel

The "San Antonio" was commanded by:

* Lt. Francis B. Wright, November 1839—January 1840
* Lt. James O'Shaunessy, January—February 1840
* Lt. Alexander Moore, February 1840—June 1841
* Lt. William Seeger, June 1841—October 1842

References

Further reading

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