USS State of Georgia (1851)

USS "State of Georgia" (1851) was a large steamer with powerful guns acquired by the Union Navy during the American Civil War.

"State of Georgia", with her crew of 113 sailors and officers, was used by the Union Navy as a gunship in support of the Union Navy blockade of Confederate waterways.

A large ship built in pre-Civil War Philadelphia in 1851

"State of Georgia" -- a side wheel steamer built at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1851 by Vaughn & Lynn -- was purchased by the Union Navy at Philadelphia on 25 September 1861 from Philadelphia and Savannah Steamship Co.; and was commissioned at the Philadelphia Navy Yard on 20 November 1861, Comdr. James F. Armstrong in command.

Civil War operations

Assigned to the North Atlantic Blockade

The side wheel steamer joined the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron at Hampton Roads, Virginia, on 26 November; and sailed the next day for blockade station off Beaufort, North Carolina; and arrived there on the 28th.

Capture of blockade runners "Constitution" and "Nassau"

On 22 May off Wilmington, North Carolina, she helped "Mount Vernon" and "Victoria" capture steamer "Constitution" of Albany, New York, and sent her to port for adjudication for trading with the enemy. Six days later, she and "Victoria" captured steamer "Nassau" -- the former notorious blockade runner "Gordon" -- near Fort Casswell, North Carolina. The prize -- which had been carrying Enfield rifles, ammunition, and military stores for the Southern Army -- was sent to New York City for action by the prize court.

"State of Georgia" collides with USS "Mystic" and is damaged

On 26 September, "State of Georgia" and "Mystic" chased an unidentified schooner ashore at New Inlet, North Carolina., and destroyed her. Two days later, the two blockaders again cooperated in seizing English steamer "Sunbeam" as it attempted to run the blockade off Wilmington. Unfortunately, the two Union ships were becoming so accustomed to working close together that they collided in the dark; and "State of Georgia" was forced to sail to the Washington Navy Yard early in October for repairs which kept her out of action until late in December. She then towed monitor "Passaic" from Hampton Roads to Beaufort, North Carolina, and returned to Norfolk, Virginia, on 3 January 1863 before resuming blockade duty off Wilmington.

Chasing blockade runner "Mary Jane" ashore

In February, she towed Union ironclad "Nahant" to Port Royal, South Carolina, but soon returned to New Inlet, North Carolina. There, she took possession of abandoned English schooner "Annie" of Nassau, laden with salt and medicine. On 24 March, State of Georgia and "Mount Vernon" chased schooner "Mary Jane" ashore where she was abandoned by her crew. Boat parties from the blockaders boarded the schooner and the steamer towed her to deep water.

The next day, the two blockaders seized blockade-running schooner "Rising Daunt" with a large cargo of salt.

Repaired in Philadelphia, then returned to blockade service

Late in July, "State of Georgia" returned to Philadelphia for extensive repairs and was decommissioned there on 10 August. Recommissioned on 27 November 1863. the steamer returned to the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron and served on blockade duty primarily off Wilmington until forced to sail north again late in the summer of 1864 for yard work. She was decommissioned at the New York Navy Yard on 10 September 1864.

Assigned to the South Atlantic blockade

Recommissioned on 5 January 1865, "State of Georgia" was assigned to the South Atlantic Blockading Squadron for the closing months of the Civil War. She proceeded to the coast of South Carolina to join in naval operations clearing the way and supporting General William Tecumseh Sherman's path as he started marching north from Savannah, Georgia.

Bull’s Bay, South Carolina, Operations

On 24 January, she was at Georgetown, South Carolina, to prevent the erection of Southern batteries. In February, she participated in the operations which took Bull's Bay, South Carolina. In March, the ship moved to Port Royal, South Carolina, and remained in that vicinity through the last days of the Confederacy.

Carrying dispatches to troubled Bogota, Colombia

On 11 April, "State of Georgia" got underway from Port Royal and proceeded to Aspinwall, New Granada, to carry dispatches to the American minister at Bogota and to learn of conditions on the isthmus and to protect the interests of the United States.

Rescuing survivors of the "Golden Rule"

On 9 June, "State of Georgia" and "Huntsville" departed Aspinwall and proceeded to a position near Roncador Reef to rescue the survivors of the wrecked "Golden Rule".

Post-war decommissioning, sale, and subsequent maritime career

After returning home late in the summer, "State of Georgia" was decommissioned at New York City on 9 September 1865. She was sold at public auction there on 25 October 1865 to a Capt. G. Wright and was redocumented as "Andrew Johnson" on 9 May 1866. On 5 October 1866, she was driven ashore at Currituck Inlet, North Carolina, during a hurricane, and was a total loss.

References

See also

* United States Navy
* American Civil War

External links

* [http://www.history.navy.mil/danfs/s18/state_of_georgia.htm USS State of Georgia]