Klipsan Beach Life Saving Station

Infobox_nrhp | name =Klipsan Beach Life Saving Station
nrhp_type =

---

caption =
location= Klipsan Beach, Washington
lat_degrees = 46
lat_minutes = 27
lat_seconds = 52.89
lat_direction = N
long_degrees = 124
long_minutes = 3
long_seconds = 8.77
long_direction = W
locmapin = Washington
area =
built =1891
architect= Arthur B. Bibb
architecture= Marquette-type life-saving station
added = July 05, 1979
governing_body = Private
refnum=79002546cite web|url=http://www.nr.nps.gov/|title=National Register Information System|date=2007-01-23|work=National Register of Historic Places|publisher=National Park Service]

Klipsan Beach was the site of a station of the United States Life-Saving Service. The station buildings still remain, although they are privately owned. The station is on the National Register of Historic Places. The station's name was originally Ilwaco Beach, and only later became known as Klipsan Station. The station was one of several assigned to protect the area known as the Graveyard of the Pacific.

Location

On the Long Beach Peninsula, in Pacific County, Washington, about 13 miles (21 km) north of Cape Disappointment.

Construction and architecture

The station was established in 1891. It was built according to the "Marquette" style of life-saving stations, one of a number of standard station designs adopted by the United States Life-Saving Service. [Shanks, York, and Shanks, "The U.S. Life-Saving Service - Heroes, Rescues and Architecture of the Early Coast Guar"d, at page 202, Costano Books, Petaluma, CA (1996) ISBN 0-930268-16-4] This pattern received its name from the station where it was first used, Marquette, Michigan. There were 13 other life-saving Marquette stations, their architect was Albert B. Bibb, and it is speculated that the plans were drawn up in 1889. Other Marquette stations on the West Coast include those at Yaquina Bay, the Umpqua River, Coos Bay, and the Coquille River in Oregon and at Southside, California.Shanks, York, and Shanks, at 110] The boat house was also built according a standard United States Life-Saving Service plan, called the "witch's hat" for the design's use of a distinct octagonal ventilator with a conical roof.
* [http://content.lib.washington.edu/cgi-bin/viewer.exe?CISOROOT=/wastate&CISOPTR=417&CISORESTMP=&CISOVIEWTMP= Ilwaco (later Klipsan Beach) Life Saving Station, circa 1895]

Operations

Volunteer operations

The station was first started in 1889 on a volunteer basis, and called the Ilwaco Beach station. On November 3, 1891, the ship "Strathblane" went aground near the station. The volunteer crew was unable to get their lines out to the ship, and seven people died. As a result of this, a decision was made to put the station on a full-time professional basis. [Hobbs, Nancy L., and Lucero, Donella J., "The Long Beach Peninsula", at page 77, Arcadia Publishing 2005 ISBN 0-7385-2995-8 (reprinting wreck site map)]

Professional keepers

Richard Turk was appointed keeper on December 18 1891 and died on December 2 1894. William S. Lawrence was appointed keeper on January 4 1895 and "services dispensed with" on October 9 1897. George Jorgensen was appointed keeper on November 17 1897 and transferred to Point Reyes on February 7 1902. Theodore Conick was appointed keeper on that date and was still serving in 1915. Chief Warrant Officer Joseph Henderson was listed as the Chief Officer in 1929. [ [http://www.uscg.mil/history/STATIONS/ILWACO%20BEACH.html U.S. Coast Guard Historian's Office -- Search and Rescue -- Historic Small Boat Stations] ]

Equipment

The station was equipped with a Dobbins type lifeboat and a McClelland surfboat, which were launched into the surf from a four-wheel hand or horse-drawn carriage. [ [http://www.pacificcohistory.org/sw2001_3.htm Weathers, Larry, "The Life Savers of Klipsan", T"he Sou'Wester", Vol. 36, page 7, Pacific County Historical Society 2001] ] The station was also equipped with a variety of rescue equipment, including the Lyle gun, the breeches buoy, and Coston flares. At times, surfmen rode horses to patrol the beaches [ [http://www.pacificcohistory.org/sw2001_3.htm Weathers, "Life Savers of Klipsan", at 7] ] The station could call upon the assistance of a seaside railroad, the Ilwaco Railway and Navigation Company, to move rescue boats up and down the beach to get closer to a wreck before launching.
* [http://content.lib.washington.edu/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/transportation&CISOPTR=186&REC=2 Wreck of the "Alice", with Klipsan Beach life-saving crew launching boat in surf]

Use of railroad

The Ilwaco Railway and Navigation Company railroad also took the crew of the station to wherever a vessel might have stranded on the beach along the line. Occasional special runs were made to bring on-lookers to a wreck site, and weekly excursions were made to take vacationers to watch the lifeboat rescue drills at the Klipsan Beach Station. [ [http://www.pacificcohistory.org/sw2001_3.htm Weathers, Larry, "The Lifesavers of Klipsan," The Sou'wester, Vol. 37, No. 3, page 9, Pacific County Historical Society, South Bend, WA (Fall, 2001) ISSN 0038-4984] ] [Feagans, at 41] L.A. Loomis was closely involved with the establishment of the life-saving station near to the railway line, which ran along the eastern boundary of the proposed station property. Loomis promised a siding along the northern boundary to the boathouse overlooking the ocean. A flatcar was placed there to allow transport of rescue crews and boats to points along the beach. [ [http://www.pacificcohistory.org/sw2001_3.htm Weathers, page 5] ]

The railroad was used in at least one rescue, on December 19, 1896, when the German bark "Potrimpos" drifted ashore seven miles south of the life-saving station. The horse-drawn lifeboat was not able to get down the beach, but the railroad transported a life boat and crew to the scene of the wreck, where fourteen men were still aboard. The lifeboat was launched, and all the men were saved. A special train also brought up the life-saving crew from the next south station, Cape Disappointment, but by the time they arrive, all the men had been taken off the stricken bark. [Newell, Gordon R., ed., "H.W. McCurdy Marine History of the Pacific Northwest", at page 7, Superior Publishing Co., Seattle, WA 1966]

The tracks were so close to the life-saving station that surfmen and their children could and did pose for photographs on the crude platform at the station, with the rails in foreground and the station clearly shown in the background. [Shanks, York, and Shanks, "The U.S. Life-Saving Service—Heroes, Rescues and Architecture of the Early Coast Guard", at page 37, Costano Books, Petaluma, CA (1996) ISBN 0-930268-16-4]
* [http://content.lib.washington.edu/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/transportation&CISOPTR=186&REC=2 Wreck of the "Alice", with Klipsan Beach life-saving crew launching boat in surf]
* [http://content.lib.washington.edu/cgi-bin/viewer.exe?CISOROOT=/wastate&CISOPTR=417&CISORESTMP=&CISOVIEWTMP= Ilwaco (later Klipsan Beach) Life Saving Station, circa 1895]
* [http://www.pacificcohistory.org/sw2001_3_08a.jpgwreck of the "Potrimpos"]

Wrecks along the North Beach

A partial listing of wrecks along the North Beach (that is, the ocean side of the Long Beach Peninsula) during the station's operation includes, running from north to south on the beach: [Hobbs and Lucero, "The Long Beach Peninsula", at 70 (reprinting wreck site map)]

* schooner "Solano", February 5, 1907
* "Glenmorag", March 19, 1896
* "Caoba", February 5, 1925
* bark "Alfa", September 19, 1924
* "Alice", January 15, 1909
* "Lenore", April 10, 1917
* "Strathblane", November 3, 1891
* "Artemsia", 1889
* "C.A. Klose" (or "Close"), March 26, 1905
* bark "Potrimpos", December 19, 1896
* steamer "Point Loma", February 28, 1896
* schooner "Frank W. Howe", February 22, 1904

The station now

The station is no longer on the beach, which has receded a long way since active operations ceased. A photo from the beach when the station was active shows the beach extending to the station's watchtower and boat house. [Feagans, Raymond J., "The Railroad that Ran by the Tide -- Ilwaco Railroad and Navigation Co. of the State of Washington", page 42, Howell-North Books, Berkeley, CA (1972) ISBN 0-8310-7094-3] This is no longer the case. The station itself, as well as the boathouse and watchtower remained as of 2000, and were in private ownership.

References

External links

* [http://www.uscg.mil/history/collect.html U.S. Coast Guard Historian's Office]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Klipsan_Beach_Life_Saving_Station&action=edit&section=10 "The Sou'Wester", Journal of the Pacific County Historical Society, Volume 36, No. 3 (Fall, 2001), covering details of Klipsan Beach station and other life-saving stations, including equipment, history, and drills]