USS Antona (1863)

USS "Antona" (1863) was a steamer captured by the Union Navy during the American Civil War. She was used by the Union Navy as a dispatch boat and gunship in support of the Union Navy blockade of Confederate waterways.

Blockade runner "Antona" captured by gunboat "Pocahontas"

On the morning of 6 January 1863, the Union screw steamer "Pocahontas" sighted a ship in the Gulf of Mexico, steaming westward close to the Alabama shore and headed toward the entrance to Mobile Bay.

Soon after the blockader had turned to intercept the stranger lest she reach the protection of the Southern guns at Fort Morgan -- then some nine miles away -- the unidentified steamer altered her own course in an effort to escape.

Both vessels pushed their engines to their limits and broke out all possible sails. "Pocahontas" slowly gained on her quarry but the sun was close to the horizon before she was near enough to fire a shot at the fleeing ship. The round fell short of its target which then hoisted English colors as she continued her flight. About an hour before midnight, the Union ship had closed to about half a mile and fired two more rounds in quick succession which promptly brought the vessel to about 30 miles south southeast of Cape San Bias, Florida.

She proved to be "Antona", an iron-hulled British screw steamer recently built at Glasgow, Scotland. She had departed Liverpool and had proceeded via St. Thomas, Virgin Islands, to Havana, Cuba. There, she took on a contraband cargo of gunpowder, small arms, tea, and brandy before sailing for Mobile, Alabama, on New Year's Day 1863.

"Antona" proves leaky, is taken to New Orleans for repairs

After accompanying "Pocahontas" back to the blockading fleet off Mobile, "Antona" -- manned by a prize crew -- sailed for Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, for adjudication. However, while still in the Gulf of Mexico, she sprang a leak which forced her to turn back. While she was undergoing repairs at New Orleans, Louisiana, she was rammed by passing vessels on two separate occasions. These collisions worsened her already leaky condition, caused other significant damage, and necessitated extensive repairs before she could once more put to sea.

"Antona" commissioned while litigation continues

When this work had been completed, "Antona" was placed in commission on 19 March 1863, but litigation against her for violation of the blockade was not concluded for another year. Then, having been condemned, in absentia, by the New York City prize court, she was finally purchased by the Union Navy on 28 March 1864.

Assigned to the Gulf of Mexico

Upon commissioning, the steamer began operations on the lower Mississippi River as a dispatch vessel, working primarily between New Orleans and Port Hudson, Louisiana. This duty was extremely important at this time because Rear Admiral David Farragut in "Hartford" had dashed upstream past the Confederate batteries at Port Hudson, Louisiana, and was patrolling the river between that Southern stronghold and Vicksburg, Mississippi, to support Rear Admiral David Dixon Porter's joint operations with Major General Ulysses S. Grant's troops in the first effort to open the complete Mississippi River to Union shipping. The surrender of Vicksburg on Independence Day 1863 and the occupation of Port Hudson five days later completed this task and freed "Antona" for other duty.

"Antona" collides with "Sciota", which sinks

Late on the evening of 13 July, "Antona" -- commanded by Acting Master Charles T. Chase -- departed New Orleans and headed downstream. However, shortly before 4 o'clock the following morning, she collided with "Sciota", sinking that screw gunboat in 12 feet of water about eight miles upriver from Quarantine, Louisiana.

"Antona" captures English schooner "Cecilia D."

Since "Antona" was unharmed, she was able to resume her voyage on the 15th and, upon reentering the gulf, proceeded in a generally southwesterly direction. On the 16th, she captured "Cecelia D." and sent that English schooner to New Orleans under a prize crew.

Commanding officer of "Antona" is captured while ashore

Upon her arrival at Galveston, Texas, on the 18th, Chase reported to Commodore Henry H. Bell, who commanded Union blockading forces in the region. Two days later, Bell ordered Antona to patrol the coast between Velasco, Texas, and the mouth of the Rio Grande River. The steamer reached the latter on the morning of the 24th, and Chase immediately went ashore to mail dispatches for the United States consul at Matamoras, Mexico.

While the Union officer was returning to his ship in the Mexican boat "Margarita", a band of armed men on the Texas shore threatened to open fire on that craft if it did not head for the bank. When "Margarita" reached Texas soil, the men -- who proved to be Southern soldiers -- arrested Chase and sent him to Brownsville, Texas. Acting Master Spiro V. Bennis, Antona's executive officer learned of Chase's misfortune from a passing English ship and remained in the vicinity until he had verified the report. "Antona" then headed up the coast and arrived off Galveston, Texas, on 27 July.

Continued operations on the Texas Gulf coast

The steamer remained in that vicinity until getting underway again on 4 August and heading back down the coast. On the 6th, "Antona" -- then under command of Acting Master Lyman Wells -- captured "Betsy" some 16 miles southeast of Corpus Christi, Texas, flying English colors and purportedly from Matamoras to New Orleans with a general cargo.

Commanding officer released by the Confederates

Wells sent that schooner to New Orleans under a prize crew for adjudication. "Antona" arrived off the mouth of the Rio Grande on the 8th and reembarked Chase who had been released by Brigadier General Hamilton P. Bee, CSA -- who commanded Confederate troops in Texas -- because of his having been captured in neutral waters.

She sailed for Galveston two days later and reached the blockade station off that port on the 12th suffering from damage to her boilers, machinery, and propeller. Towed to New Orleans by "Bermuda", she remained there under repair until heading downriver on 16 November to return to the coast of Texas. On the 29th, her new commanding officer, Acting Master Alfred L. B. Zerega reported having captured "Mary Ann" three days before. That Southern schooner of Sabine, Texas, had departed Caleasieu Pass on the 21st and was heading for Tampico, Mexico, with a cargo of cotton. Since the prize was leaking badly, Zerega transferred her cotton to "Bermuda" for delivery to the Federal prize commissioners at New Orleans and then destroyed the schooner before resuming "Antona's" voyage southward.

"Antona" removes cargo of liquor from runner, sends runner to a prize court

"Antona" scored again on Christmas Eve 1863 when she took the British schooner "Exchange" 10 miles east of Velasco, Texas. This ship had departed Veracruz, Mexico, with a widely varied general cargo including a large quantity of liquor and was purportedly heading for New Orleans. Since she was far off course for that port, Zerega. seized the schooner, removed her liquor since he ". . . did not deem it safe to allow it to go in the schooner to New Orleans. "After promising to". . . send it on for adjudication . . ." by ". . . the first safe opportunity . . .," Zerega sent the prize to New Orleans and resumed Antona's patrol.

Final operations in the Gulf of Mexico

The steamer's operations through the remainder of the Civil War were similar to her earlier services. Her last notable action occurred before dawn on 10 February 1865 when a boat from the steamer joined an expedition led by Lt. Charles E. McKay of "Princess Royal" to destroy the large iron-hulled steamer "Will O'The Wisp" which had run aground off Galveston, Texas.

Post-war decommissioning, sale, and subsequent maritime career

After the end of the war "Antona" departed Pensacola, Florida, on 27 July 1865 and proceeded North. She was decommissioned at New York City on 12 August 1865 and sold at auction there to G. W. Quintard on 30 November 1865. Redocumented "Carlotta" on 5 January 1867, the steamer served as a merchantman operating out of New York until destroyed by fire in 1874.

References

*DANFS|http://www.history.navy.mil/danfs/a9/antona-i.htm