- Berlinka
Berlinka is the common Polish and Russian ( _ru. Берлинка) name for the remains of the planned
highway (German:Autobahn ) once officially known as the "Reichsautobahn Berlin-Königsberg" (German: Berlin-Konigsberg Imperial ("Reichs") Highway), that was to connectBerlin , viaStettin (Szczecin) and theFree City of Danzig (Gdańsk), withKönigsberg (Kaliningrad) inEast Prussia .Background
Eastern Prussia had been separated from Germany following the
Treaty of Versailles by thePolish Corridor of theSecond Polish Republic . By 1939 Poland had already refused several requests and demands made by Nazi Germany , including one for anextraterritorial corridor within the Corridor. This fact was eventually used byAdolf Hitler as one of the pretexts for theGerman invasion of Poland in 1939. The road was planned under theWeimar Republic , but was partially constructed during the 1930s and early 1940s by theThird Reich .Following territorial changes made after the
second world war it ran through three countries: theUSSR (Kaliningrad Oblast , modernRussia ), Poland andEast Germany . Its original purpose gone, some segments of the road were incorporated into local road networks while most of it fell into disrepair. Some segments remain a tourist attraction.Construction
Construction began in late 1933, using unemployed German workers as part of the state's reforms to counteract the
Great Depression - the construction of the "Reichsautobahn " (RAB) network. The first 113 km long segment near Stettin (nowSzczecin ), Stettiner Dreieck to Stettin-Süd, was opened on September 27, 1936. The segment fromKönigsberg to Elbing (nowElbląg ) was opened in 1937. In 1937,beltway s near Stettin and Elbing were built.In 1938 work slowed as Germany geared up for war and workers were directed to other projects. The highway featured prominently in German political rhetoric of 1939, as Hitler's demands included an
extraterritorial corridor - theDanzig Corridor through thePolish Corridor - which would connectGermany toEastern Prussia . This, alongside other demands, was refused by the Polish government, and Hitler used this as one of the pretexts for the invasion of Poland in September 1939.By October 1939 Poland was defeated, and work on the Berlinka resumed. The labor pool was increasingly composed of conscript workers from Poland. The
Bäderstraße (nearRzęśnica and theWielgowo ) — Stargard-Massow (nearŁęczyca ) segment was built subsequently. Construction stopped in 1942 as military priorities once again took over available labor. In 1945 German forces, retreating along the Eastern Front, blew up most of the bridges to slow theSoviet advance.Aftermath
Because of territorial changes to Poland and Germany following the war, the road was divided and lost its importance as a route between German cities (most of Prussia's German population was expelled to Germany). The part that remained within German borders became the
Bundesautobahn 11 .Certain segments of the route were nonetheless restored. In the
People's Republic of Poland bridges over theOder River near Szczecin were restored soon after the war, as were the bridges on theBanówka River near the border with the Kaliningrad Oblast. In the 1970s the planned part of the highway from Stargard-Massow (near Łęczyca) to Stargard-Freienwalde (nearLisowo andChociwel ) was finished, and bridges on theIna River restored.With the end of the
Cold War , and particularly with Poland joining theEuropean Union , increasing thought has been given to reconstructing the road as part of the European highway system. In the 1990s a 14km long segment near the western Polish border was incorporated into the new A6 Autostrada (highway). A further 7 km, to the junction with National Road 10, was being restored and was scheduled to open for traffic in August 2007. An additional 8 km is to be upgraded at some future date and redesignated as A6. In addition to the highway, "Berlinka" is incorporated into Polish National Road 22, "voivodeship" road 142, and "expressroad" 6/3. In the Russian Kaliningrad Oblast, it is incorporated into road P516.ee also
*
Danube-Oder Canal References
*Polish|Berlinka|18 November 2007
External links
* [http://www.berlinka.pcp.pl/RAB1937_map.html 1937 map]
* [http://www.berlinka.pcp.pl/RAB1944.jpg1944 map]
* [http://www.autobahn-online.de Autobahn-online]
* [http://www.berlinka.pcp.pl/berlinka.html historia i teraźniejszość - autostrada Berlin - Królewiec] pl icon
* [http://www.elblag-grzechotki.pl/ Page about the current reconstruction of the stretch from Elbląg to the border with Russia] pl icon
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