Globe valve

A Globe valve is a type of valve used for regulating flow in a pipeline, consisting of a movable disk-type element and a stationary ring seat in a generally spherical body. [cite web
url = http://www.answers.com/topic/globe-valve
title = Globe Valve
author = McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms. McGraw-Hill Companies
date = April 25, 2007
year = 2003]

Globe Valves are named for their spherical body shape with the two halves of the "body" being separated by an internal . This has an opening that forms a "seat" onto which a movable "plug" [ [http://www.unisanet.unisa.edu.au/Information/100048info/IL8.doc Process Instrumentation (Lecture 8): Control valves] ] can be screwed in to close (or shut) the valve. The plug is also called a "disc" or "disk". [http://www.answers.com/topic/globe-valveunder heading "McGraw-Hill Professional - Architecture" diagram shows disc] [ [http://www.tpub.com/content/doe/h1018v2/css/h1018v2_37.htm Globe Valve Disks] ] In globe valves, the plug is connected to a "stem" which is operated by screw action in manual valves. Typically, automated valves use sliding stems. Automated globe valves have a smooth stem rather than threaded and are opened and closed by an actuator assembly. When a globe valve is manually operated, the stem is turned by a handwheel.

Although globe valves in the past had the spherical bodies which gave them their name, many modern globe valves do not have much of a spherical shape. However, the term "globe valve" is still often used for valves that have such an internal mechanism. In plumbing, valves with such a mechanism are also often called stop valves since they don't have the global appearance, but the term "stop valve" may refer to valves which are used to stop flow even when they have other mechanisms or designs.

Globe valves are used for applications requiring throttling and frequent operation. For example, globe valves or valves with a similar mechanism may be used as sampling valves, which are normally shut except when liquid samples are being taken. Since the baffle restricts flow, they're not recommended where full, unobstructed flow is required.

Parts of a typical globe valve

Body

The main pressure containing structure of the valve and the most easily identified as it forms the mass of the valve. It contains all of the valve's internal parts that will come in contact with the substance being controlled by the valve. The bonnet is connected to the body and provides the containment of the fluid, gas, or slurry that is being controlled.

Globe valves are typically two-port valves, although three port valves are also produced. "Ports" are openings in the body for fluid flowing in or out. The two ports may be oriented straight across from each other on the body, [http://www.answers.com/topic/globe-valveunder heading "McGraw-Hill Professional - Architecture" diagram shows disc. See diagram of "straight body" globe valve with bolted bonnet here. ] or oriented at an angle such as a 90° angle. [http://www.tpub.com/content/doe/h1018v2/css/h1018v2_37.htm Globe Valve Disks. See diagram of angle globe valve here. ] Globe valves with ports at such an angle are called angle globe valves. A globe valve can also have a body in the shape of a y.

Bonnet

Provides leakproof closure for the valve body. The threaded section of stem goes through a hole with matching threads in the bonnet. Globe valves may have a screw-in, union, or bolted [http://www.answers.com/topic/globe-valveunder heading "McGraw-Hill Professional - Architecture" diagram shows disc. See diagram of "straight body" globe valve with bolted bonnet here. ] bonnet. Screw-in bonnet is the simplest bonnet, offering a durable, pressure-tight seal. Union bonnet is suitable for applications requiring frequent inspection or cleaning. It also gives the body added strength. A bonnet attached with bolts is used for larger or higher pressure applications. Bonnets also contain the packing, which is a wearable material that maintains the seal between the bonnet and the stem during valve cycling operations

Plug or disc (disk)

The closure member of the valve. Plugs are connected to the stem which is slid or screwed up or down to throttle the flow. Plugs are typically of the balance or unbalanced type. Unbalanced plugs are solid and are used with smaller valves or with low pressure drops across the valve. The advantages are simpler design, with one possible leak path at the seat and usually lower cost. The disadvantages are the limited size; with a large unbalanced plug the forces needed to seat and hold the flow off become impractical. Balanced plugs have holes through the plug. Advantages include easier shut off as the plug does not have to overcome static forces. However, a second leak path is created between the plug and the cage, cost is generally higher.

tem

The stem serves as a connector from the actuator to the inside of the valve and transmits this actuation force. Stems are either smooth for actuator controlled valves or threaded for manual valves. The smooth stems are surrounded by packing material to prevent leaking material from the valve. This packing is a wearable material and will have to be replaced during maintenance. With a smooth stem the ends are threaded to allow connection to the plug and the actuator. The stem must not only withstand a large amount of compression force during valve closure, but also have high tensile strength during valve opening. In addition, the stem must be very straight, or have low runout, in order to ensure good valve closure. This minimum runout also minimizes wear of the packing contained in the bonnet, which provides the seal against leakage. The stem may be provided with a shroud over the packing nut to prevent foreign bodies entering the packing material, which would accelerate wear.

Cage

The cage is part of the valve that surrounds the plug and is located inside the body of the valve. Typically, the cage is one of the greatest determiners of flow within the valve. As the plug is moved more of the openings in the cage are exposed and flow is increased and vise versa. The design and layout of the openings can have a large effect on flow of material (the flow characteristics of different materials at temperatures, pressures that are in a range). Cages are also used to guide the plug to the seat of the valve for a good shutoff, substituting the guiding from the bonnet.

eat ring

The seat ring provides a stable, uniform and replaceable shut off surface. Seat rings are usually held in place by pressure from the fastening of the bonnet to the top of the body. This pushes the cage down on the lip of the seat ring and holds it firmly to the body of the valve. Seat rings may also be threaded and screwed into a thread cut in the same area of the body. However this method makes removal of the seat ring during maintenance difficult if not impossible. Seat rings are also typically beveled at the seating surface to allow for some guiding during the final stages of closing the valve.

Economical globe valves or stop valves with a similar mechanism used in plumbing often have a rubber washer at the bottom of the disc for the seating surface, so that rubber can be compressed against the seat to form a leak-tight seal when shut.

Many globe valves have a class rating that corresponds to the pressure specifications of ANSI 16.34.
Bibcocks and sillcocks are variations of globe or stop valves used in plumbing. Needle valves are variations of globe valves where instead of a separate attached disc piece, the internal end of the stem is conically tapered to act as the disc to fit into a matching seat for fine flow adjustment. Other different types of valve usually are called globe style valves because of the shape of the body or the way of closure of the disk. As an example typical swing check valves could be called globe type.

Materials

Typically globe valves are made of metallic alloys, although some synthetic materials are available. These materials are chosen based on pressure, temperature, controlled media properties. Corrosive and/or erosive process streams may require a compromise in material selection or exotic alloys or body coatings to minimize these material interactions and extend the life of the valve or valve trim components. Typically, carbon steel alloys are specified for noncorrosive applications. Other alloys such as Hastelloy, Monel, Inconel and others are available.

Packing material must also be considered during valve selection. Typically the requirement for a low friction packing conflict with a durable material that will provide low maintenance requirements during service life. Corrosive applications can further complicate packing material selection as the typical packing materials may or may not be compatible with the processed materials. Typically graphite or PTFE is used due to its low friction coefficient. Enviro-seal applications also have the availablilty of constant applied force (live-load) packing. While more complex, it allows for constant packing force load throughout the life of the packing material. This packing helps meet contemporary environmental laws.

References

External links

* [http://www.shipham-valves.com/globe.html Globe Valves] from Shipham Valves

* [http://www.documentation.emersonprocess.com/groups/public/documents/book/cvh99.pdf Control Valve Handbook - Fisher Controls International (4th Edition)] A complete 297-page online book.
* [http://www.unisanet.unisa.edu.au/Information/100048info/IL8.doc Process Instrumentation (Lecture 8): Control valves] Excellent article from a University of South Australia website.
* [http://www.documentation.emersonprocess.com/groups/public/documents/product_fliers/d102414x412.pdf easy-e Control Valves (Product Flyer)] Great flyer with pictures of typical globe valves.
* [http://www.smidse-groenlo.nl Dutch Valve Modification Factory]