- Hurricane Jeanne (1980)
Infobox Hurricane
Name=Hurricane Jeanne (1980)
Type=hurricane
Year=1980
Basin=Atl
Image location=Hurricane Jeanne (1980).jpg
Formed=November 7, 1980
Dissipated=November 16, 1980
1-min winds=85
Pressure=986
Da
Inflated=1
Fatalities=None direct
Areas=Gulf of Mexico , Key West,Texas coast
Hurricane season=1980 Atlantic hurricane season Hurricane Jeanne was a moderate hurricane that formed and dissipated in the Gulf of Mexico without making landfall. The tenth
tropical cyclone and eighth hurricane of the 1980 Atlantic hurricane season, Jeanne developed over the southernCaribbean on November 7. It moved swiftly northward, and it intensified to a tropical storm on November 9. It entered the southern Gulf of Mexico on November 10. Jeanne turned to the west on November 11, and it rapidly intensified to its peak intensity of 100 mph (155 km/h). It weakened on November 12, and its forward motion slowed; the cyclone weakened further to a tropical storm because of dry air intrusion, and it executed a clockwise loop on November 15. It dissipated on November 16.At the time, Jeanne was one of three November hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico; it was the first tropical cyclone to attain hurricane strength in the Gulf of Mexico during November.cite web|author=NOAA|year=1980|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1980-prelim/jeanne/prelim01.gif|title=Hurricane Jeanne Preliminary Report: November 7-16, 1980|accessdate=2007-11-12] The late season storm surprised maritime interests, and two barges broke free from towing vessels. Indirectly, the hurricane produced heavy precipitation that peaked at 23.28 inches (591 mm) in Key West. Minor beach erosion occurred along the Texas coast,cite web|author=NOAA|year=1980|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1980-prelim/jeanne/prelim02.gif|title=Jeanne Preliminary Report: Page 2|accessdate=2007-11-13] where tides were two to four feet above normal; coastal flooding affected the state, which was heavily impacted by tropical cyclones in August and September.cite web|author=United States Geological Service|url=http://www-ks.cr.usgs.gov/Kansas/pubs/reports/wsp.2502.sum80.html|title=Summary of Significant Floods: 1970 through 1989|accessdate=2007-11-16] Jeanne caused no deaths.
Meteorological history
On the late afternoon of November 7, an area of disturbed weather organized to a tropical depression 60 miles (100 km) east of Atlántico Norte,
Nicaragua .cite web|author=Hurricane Research Division|year=2007|title=Atlantic hurricane best track|publisher=NOAA |accessdate=2007-11-12|url=http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/easyhurdat_5106.html] Its origins were traced to a tropical wave that originated over western Africa on October 26.cite web|author=NOAA|year=1980|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1980-prelim/jeanne/prelim01.gif|title=Hurricane Jeanne Preliminary Report: November 7-16, 1980|accessdate=2007-11-12] Atmospheric conditions resembled an early fall pattern, and a large ridge was situated over the Gulf of Mexico andSouthwestern United States . The depression moved northward into the Caribbean Sea, and the environment supported further development. On November 9, the depression strengthened to a 40 mph (65 km/h) tropical storm. Later, an Air Force reconnaissance aircraft reported a strengthening system; maximum sustained winds increased to 50 mph (80 km/h), and a minimum pressure of 999 mbar was measured.cite web|author=NOAA|year=1980|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1980-prelim/jeanne/prelim01.gif|title=Hurricane Jeanne Preliminary Report: November 7-16, 1980|accessdate=2007-11-12] The tropical cyclone moved northward into the southern Gulf of Mexico on November 10.cite web|author=Hurricane Research Division|year=2007|title=Atlantic hurricane best track|publisher=NOAA |accessdate=2007-11-12|url=http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/easyhurdat_5106.html] Jeanne's northward movement was blocked by the ridge, and the cyclone slowly turned to the west. On November 11, Jeanne quickly intensified to a minimal hurricane; later, it attained its peak intensity of 100 mph (155 km/h).cite web|author=NOAA|year=1980|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1980-prelim/jeanne/prelim01.gif|title=Hurricane Jeanne Preliminary Report: November 7-16, 1980|accessdate=2007-11-12]On November 12, Jeanne weakened to a Category 1 hurricane.cite web|author=Hurricane Research Division|year=2007|title=Atlantic hurricane best track|publisher=
NOAA |accessdate=2007-11-12|url=http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/easyhurdat_5106.html] It entered the western Gulf of Mexico, and its forward motion diminished as the ridge moved east.cite web|author=NOAA|year=1980|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1980-prelim/jeanne/prelim01.gif|title=Hurricane Jeanne Preliminary Report: November 7-16, 1980|accessdate=2007-11-12] Later, Jeanne diminished to a 65 mph (105 km/h) tropical storm. A developing trough remained west of Jeanne, and the cyclone was embedded in a weak pressure gradient. Although Jeanne briefly re-intensified to 70 mph (110 km/h), an advancing frontal boundary brought dry air over the western Gulf of Mexico. Jeanne weakened to a depression on November 14. It executed a clockwise loop, and it merged with the frontal boundary on November 16.cite web|author=NOAA|year=1980|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1980-prelim/jeanne/prelim02.gif|title=Jeanne Preliminary Report: Page 2|accessdate=2007-11-13]Preparations
Some residents on Dauphin Island voluntarily evacuated, spurred by memories of 1979's
Hurricane Frederic and Jeanne's northward motion. 3,000 workers evacuated their oil rigs because of Jeanne's high waves.cite web|author=United Press International|year=1980|url=http://www.thehurricanearchive.com/Viewer.aspx?|title=Jeanne forces oil workers to leave rigs|publisher=The Chronicle Telegram|accessdate=2007-11-13] cite web|author=The Associated Press|year=1980|url=http://www.thehurricanearchive.com/Viewer.aspx?
|title=The Nation's Weather|publisher=Indiana Gazette|accessdate=2007-11-14] The
National Hurricane Center advised small watercraft to remain in ports from Brownsville to Tarpon Springs. Forecasters expected tides of 2 feet above normal inLouisiana , which increased to 4 feet above normal along coastalTexas .cite web|author=The Associated Press|year=1980|url=http://www.thehurricanearchive.com/Viewer.aspx?|title=Jeanne Loses Hurricane Status|publisher=Indiana Gazette|accessdate=2007-11-13] In Terrebonne and Lafourche parishes, schools were closed because of uncertainties regarding Jeanne's path.cite web|author=The Associated Press|year=1980|url=http://www.thehurricanearchive.com/Viewer.aspx?
|title=Jeanne chases La. coastal residents inland|publisher=The Chronicle Telegram|accessdate=2007-11-14]
Impact
The combination of a large high pressure system and Jeanne produced rough seas over the northern Gulf of Mexico;cite web|author=The Associated Press|year=1980|url=http://www.thehurricanearchive.com/Viewer.aspx?
|title=Hurricane Jeanne Heads West|publisher=Marysville Journal-Tribune|accessdate=2007-11-14] wave heights reached 15 feet (4.60 m).cite web|author=United Press International|year=1980|url=http://www.thehurricanearchive.com/Viewer.aspx?
|title=23" of rain for Key West|publisher=Syracuse Herald Journal|accessdate=2007-11-14] The heavy precipitation was attributed to a mesoscale feature;cite web|author=NOAA|year=1980|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1980-prelim/jeanne/prelim01.gif|title=Hurricane Jeanne Preliminary Report: November 7-16, 1980|accessdate=2007-11-12] an inflow band intersected with an adjacent stationary front, which also contributed to the deluge.cite web|author=David Roth|url=http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/rain/jeanne1980.html|title=Hurricane Jeanne|accessdate=2007-11-14] Schools and most businesses were closed, while flights were grounded at
Key West International Airport ; authorities urged residents to stay home. Telephone and power services were cut to some areas of the city.cite web|url=http://www.thehurricanearchive.com/Viewer.aspx?Elsewhere, several ships were caught off guard by the late arrival of Jeanne. The cyclone entered the Gulf of Mexico, and two barges broke loose from towing vessels via strong winds and high waves. One barge was an oil rig tender that contained 16 people; it was carried several hundred miles across the central Gulf of Mexico.cite web|author=NOAA|year=1980|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1980-prelim/jeanne/prelim01.gif|title=Hurricane Jeanne Preliminary Report: November 7-16, 1980|accessdate=2007-11-12] All crew members survived, and there were no maritime deaths related to the hurricane.cite web|author=NOAA|year=1980|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1980-prelim/jeanne/prelim02.gif|title=Jeanne Preliminary Report: Page 2|accessdate=2007-11-13] Jeanne produced a prolonged period of rough surf and heavy swells along the Texas coast. Tides reached 2 to 4 feet (1.20 m) above normal.cite web|author=NOAA|year=1980|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1980-prelim/jeanne/prelim02.gif|title=Jeanne Preliminary Report: Page 2|accessdate=2007-11-13] The hurricane caused coastal flooding; the worst flooding occurred near Galveston.cite web|author=United States Geological Service|url=http://www-ks.cr.usgs.gov/Kansas/pubs/reports/wsp.2502.sum80.html|title=Summary of Significant Floods: 1970 through 1989|accessdate=2007-11-16]
Jeanne was one of only four tropical cyclones in the 20th century to attain hurricane status in the Gulf of Mexico without making landfall; the others were Laurie of 1969,cite web|author=Hurricane Research Division|year=2007|title=Atlantic hurricane best track|publisher=
NOAA |accessdate=2007-11-12|url=http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/easyhurdat_5106.html] Henri of 1979,cite web|author=NOAA|year=1979|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1979-prelim/henri/prelim01.gif|title=Hurricane Henri: 14-24 September|accessdate=2007-11-15] and Alberto of 1982.cite web|author=Hurricane Research Division|year=2007|title=Atlantic hurricane best track|publisher=NOAA |accessdate=2007-11-12|url=http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/easyhurdat_5106.html]The tropical cyclone caused minimal damage, and the name Jeanne was not retired. It was subsequently utilized in the 1986 and 1992 seasonal name lists. The name was eventually retired due to the effects of a destructive
Hurricane Jeanne in 2004.cite web|author=National Hurricane Center|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/retirednames.shtml|title=Retired Hurricane Names: 1954-2005|accessdate=2007-11-15]References
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