TOP2B

Topoisomerase (DNA) II beta 180kDa, also known as TOP2B, is a human gene.

PBB_Summary
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summary_text = This gene encodes a DNA topoisomerase, an enzyme that controls and alters the topologic states of DNA during transcription. This nuclear enzyme is involved in processes such as chromosome condensation, chromatid separation, and the relief of torsional stress that occurs during DNA transcription and replication. It catalyzes the transient breaking and rejoining of two strands of duplex DNA which allows the strands to pass through one another, thus altering the topology of DNA. Two forms of this enzyme exist as likely products of a gene duplication event. The gene encoding this form, beta, is localized to chromosome 3 and the alpha form is localized to chromosome 17. The gene encoding this enzyme functions as the target for several anticancer agents and a variety of mutations in this gene have been associated with the development of drug resistance. Reduced activity of this enzyme may also play a role in ataxia-telangiectasia. Alternative splicing of this gene results in two transcript variants; however, the second variant has not yet been fully described.cite web | title = Entrez Gene: TOP2B topoisomerase (DNA) II beta 180kDa| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=7155| accessdate = ]

References

Further reading

PBB_Further_reading
citations =
*cite journal | author=Champoux JJ |title=DNA topoisomerases: structure, function, and mechanism. |journal=Annu. Rev. Biochem. |volume=70 |issue= |pages= 369–413 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11395412 |doi= 10.1146/annurev.biochem.70.1.369
*cite journal | author=Tan KB, Dorman TE, Falls KM, "et al." |title=Topoisomerase II alpha and topoisomerase II beta genes: characterization and mapping to human chromosomes 17 and 3, respectively. |journal=Cancer Res. |volume=52 |issue= 1 |pages= 231–4 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1309226 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Jenkins JR, Ayton P, Jones T, "et al." |title=Isolation of cDNA clones encoding the beta isozyme of human DNA topoisomerase II and localisation of the gene to chromosome 3p24. |journal=Nucleic Acids Res. |volume=20 |issue= 21 |pages= 5587–92 |year= 1993 |pmid= 1333583 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Austin CA, Fisher LM |title=Isolation and characterization of a human cDNA clone encoding a novel DNA topoisomerase II homologue from HeLa cells. |journal=FEBS Lett. |volume=266 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 115–7 |year= 1990 |pmid= 2163884 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Chung TD, Drake FH, Tan KB, "et al." |title=Characterization and immunological identification of cDNA clones encoding two human DNA topoisomerase II isozymes. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=86 |issue= 23 |pages= 9431–5 |year= 1990 |pmid= 2556712 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Austin CA, Sng JH, Patel S, Fisher LM |title=Novel HeLa topoisomerase II is the II beta isoform: complete coding sequence and homology with other type II topoisomerases. |journal=Biochim. Biophys. Acta |volume=1172 |issue= 3 |pages= 283–91 |year= 1993 |pmid= 8383537 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Davies SL, Jenkins JR, Hickson ID |title=Human cells express two differentially spliced forms of topoisomerase II beta mRNA. |journal=Nucleic Acids Res. |volume=21 |issue= 16 |pages= 3719–23 |year= 1993 |pmid= 8396237 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Nakano H, Yamazaki T, Miyatake S, "et al." |title=Specific interaction of topoisomerase II beta and the CD3 epsilon chain of the T cell receptor complex. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=271 |issue= 11 |pages= 6483–9 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8626450 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Biersack H, Jensen S, Gromova I, "et al." |title=Active heterodimers are formed from human DNA topoisomerase II alpha and II beta isoforms. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=93 |issue= 16 |pages= 8288–93 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8710863 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Meyer KN, Kjeldsen E, Straub T, "et al." |title=Cell cycle-coupled relocation of types I and II topoisomerases and modulation of catalytic enzyme activities. |journal=J. Cell Biol. |volume=136 |issue= 4 |pages= 775–88 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9049244 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Fukunaga R, Hunter T |title=MNK1, a new MAP kinase-activated protein kinase, isolated by a novel expression screening method for identifying protein kinase substrates. |journal=EMBO J. |volume=16 |issue= 8 |pages= 1921–33 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9155018 |doi= 10.1093/emboj/16.8.1921
*cite journal | author=Ng SW, Liu Y, Schnipper LE |title=Cloning and characterization of the 5'-flanking sequence for the human DNA topoisomerase II beta gene. |journal=Gene |volume=203 |issue= 2 |pages= 113–9 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9426241 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Yamane K, Kawabata M, Tsuruo T |title=A DNA-topoisomerase-II-binding protein with eight repeating regions similar to DNA-repair enzymes and to a cell-cycle regulator. |journal=Eur. J. Biochem. |volume=250 |issue= 3 |pages= 794–9 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9461304 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Cowell IG, Willmore E, Chalton D, "et al." |title=Nuclear distribution of human DNA topoisomerase IIbeta: a nuclear targeting signal resides in the 116-residue C-terminal tail. |journal=Exp. Cell Res. |volume=243 |issue= 2 |pages= 232–40 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9743583 |doi= 10.1006/excr.1998.4150
*cite journal | author=Lang AJ, Mirski SE, Cummings HJ, "et al." |title=Structural organization of the human TOP2A and TOP2B genes. |journal=Gene |volume=221 |issue= 2 |pages= 255–66 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9795238 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Sng JH, Heaton VJ, Bell M, "et al." |title=Molecular cloning and characterization of the human topoisomerase IIalpha and IIbeta genes: evidence for isoform evolution through gene duplication. |journal=Biochim. Biophys. Acta |volume=1444 |issue= 3 |pages= 395–406 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10095062 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Bjergbaek L, Jensen S, Westergaard O, Andersen AH |title=Using a biochemical approach to identify the primary dimerization regions in human DNA topoisomerase IIalpha. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=274 |issue= 37 |pages= 26529–36 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10473615 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Cowell IG, Okorokov AL, Cutts SA, "et al." |title=Human topoisomerase IIalpha and IIbeta interact with the C-terminal region of p53. |journal=Exp. Cell Res. |volume=255 |issue= 1 |pages= 86–94 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10666337 |doi= 10.1006/excr.1999.4772
*cite journal | author=Mao Y, Desai SD, Liu LF |title=SUMO-1 conjugation to human DNA topoisomerase II isozymes. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=275 |issue= 34 |pages= 26066–73 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10862613 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M001831200
*cite journal | author=Mirski SE, Voskoglou-Nomikos T, Young LC, "et al." |title=Simultaneous quantitation of topoisomerase II alpha and beta isoform mRNAs in lung tumor cells and normal and malignant lung tissue. |journal=Lab. Invest. |volume=80 |issue= 6 |pages= 787–95 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10879730 |doi=

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