- RHOA
Ras homolog gene family, member A (RhoA) is a
small GTPase protein known to regulate theactin cytoskeleton in the formation of stress fibers. It is encoded by thegene RHOA.It acts upon two known effector proteins:
ROCK1 (Rho-associated, coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1) andDIAPH1 (diaphanous homolog 1 (Drosophila)).RhoA is part of a larger family of related proteins known as the
Ras superfamily ; proteins involved in the regulation and timing ofcell division .RhoA Pathway
Molecules act on various receptors, such as NgR1, LINGO1, p75, TROY and other unknown receptors (eg. by CSPGs), which stimulates RhoA. RhoA activates ROCK (RhoA kinase) which stimulates LIM kinase, which then stimulates Cofilin, which effectively re-organises the Actin cytoskeleton of the cell1. In the case of neurons, activation of this pathway results in growth cone collapse,1,3 therefore inhibits the growth and repair of neural pathways and axons. Inhibition of this pathway by its various components usually results in some level of improved remyelination.YIU, G. & ZHIGANG, H. (2006). Glial inhibition of CNS axon regeneration. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 7, 617-627] BRADBURY, E.J., MCMAHON, S.B. (2006). Spinal cord repair strategies: why do they work? Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 7, 644-653] [KARNEZIS, T., MANDEMAKERS, W., MCQUALTER, J.L., ZHENG, B., HO, P.P., JORDAN, K.A., MURRAY, B.M., BARRES, B., TESSIER-LAVINGE, M., BERNARD, C.C.A. (2004). The neurite outgrowth inhibitor Nogo A is involved in autoimmune-mediated demyelination. "Nature Neuroscience", 7, 736-744] REGMAN, B.S., KUNKEL-BAGDEN, E., SCHNELL, L., DAI, H.N., GAO, D., SCHWAB, M.E. (1995). Recovery from spinal cord injury mediated by antibodies to neurite growth inhibitors. Nature, 378, 498-501]
Further reading
PBB_Further_reading
citations =
*cite journal | author=Ramakers GJ |title=Rho proteins, mental retardation and the cellular basis of cognition. |journal=Trends Neurosci. |volume=25 |issue= 4 |pages= 191–9 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11998687 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Chang ZF, Lee HH |title=RhoA signaling in phorbol ester-induced apoptosis. |journal=J. Biomed. Sci. |volume=13 |issue= 2 |pages= 173–80 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16496227 |doi= 10.1007/s11373-005-9056-4Notes
External links
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PBB_Controls
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