Quill and Dagger

Quill and Dagger is a senior honor society at Cornell University. It is often recognized as one of the most prominent collegiate societies of its type, along with Skull and Bones of Yale University. [cite news | first = | last = | title = Tap Day | publisher = Time Magazine | page = | date = May 31, 1926 [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,729273-4,00.html] ] [cite news | first = Kiki | last = Von Glinow | title = A Century of Secrets | publisher = Washington Square News | page = | date = February 21, 2007 [http://media.www.nyunews.com/media/storage/paper869/news/2007/02/21/Features/A.Century.Of.Secrets-2733009.shtml] ] It has been called "the highest non-scholastic honor within the reach of undergraduates" at Cornell University. [cite news | first = | last = | title = 63 Juniors Elected to Cornell Societies | publisher = The New York Times | page = N3 | date = May 19, 1929]

Origins

Founded in 1893, Quill and Dagger recognizes exemplary undergraduates at Cornell University who have shown leadership, character, and dedication to service. [ [http://ezra.cornell.edu/posting.php?timestamp=1027396800#rquestion5 Dear Uncle Ezra, July 23, 2002] ] [ [http://ezra.cornell.edu/posting.php?timestamp=1140066000#question10 Dear Uncle Ezra, February 16, 2006] ] The society has existed continually since its founding over a century ago and was the first of the Ivy League societies to open its membership to women. [cite news | first = | last = | title = All-Male Honorary Accepts Women | publisher = Cornell Chronicle | page = 2 | date = October 17, 1974]

ecrecy

The meetings and proceedings of Quill and Dagger are closed, and the society's contributions and activities on campus are typically concealed. The public is not admitted to the society's sanctuary on the top floor of Lyon Tower, although anyone who is not a Cornell University undergraduate or eligible to become one can be escorted into the sanctuary by a member of the society. Membership remained secret for a brief period after its founding, but the names of newly-tapped members are now published in "The Cornell Daily Sun" each semester.

Influence

As with any organization of a secretive nature, it is difficult to make conclusions regarding Quill and Dagger's influence. Its members often hold more than half of the positions on the "25 Most Influential Undergraduates" list published by "The Cornell Daily Sun" each fall. [cite news | first = | last = | title = The 25 Most Influential Cornellians | publisher = The Cornell Daily Sun | page = | date = November 30, 2006] Twelve members were profiled in the book, "The 100 Most Notable Cornellians". [cite book | last = Altschuler | first = Glenn C. | coauthors = Isaac Kramnick, R. Laurence Moore | year = 2003 | title = The 100 Most Notable Cornellians | publisher = Cornell University Press | location=Ithaca, N.Y. | id = ISBN 0-8014-3958-2]

At Cornell

A large number of alumni in administrative positions at Cornell University have held membership, specifically directors of athletics, deans of the various colleges, alumni affairs officers, and chairmen of the Board of Trustees and Cornellian Council. Although membership comprises approximately one percent of each graduating class, typically around 15% to 20% of the Cornell University Board of Trustees [ [http://www.cornell.edu/trustees/members.cfm List of current Cornell University Board of Trustees Members] ] and Cornell University Council [ [http://www.alumni.cornell.edu/council/member_list.cfm List of current Cornell University Council Members] ] are Quill and Dagger members. More than 30% of the individuals in the Cornell Athletic Hall of Fame hold membership in the society. [ [http://www.rso.cornell.edu/sandb/warmem.htm List of Cornell Athletic Hall of Fame Members (through 2002)] ]

Names of Quill and Dagger members can be found on buildings throughout campus, including Barton Hall, Corson Hall, Friedman Wrestling Center, Hollister Hall, Hoy Field, Kennedy Hall, Kimball Hall, Lynah Rink, Moakley House, Rand Hall, Rhodes Hall, Schoellkopf Field, Teagle Hall, and others. Other buildings, such as the War Memorial bear the emblem of the society.

Since its founding, Quill and Dagger has been well-connected with the presidents of Cornell University. The two sons, grandson, and grandson-in-law of President Jacob Gould Schurman were members, as was his private secretary. Other members have included the son-in-law of President Livingston Farrand and the assistants to presidents Edmund Ezra Day, Deane Waldo Malott, and James A. Perkins. All of the presidents from Dale Corson to Jeffrey S. Lehman were selected for honorary membership in the society. Nearly half of the presidential search committee that selected Hunter Rawlings and one quarter of the committee that selected David J. Skorton were Quill and Dagger members.

Members of the society have been responsible for numerous campus traditions, ranging from Cornell songs "Give My Regards to Davy""Cornell Alumni News", VII (6), 9 November 1904] , "Strike Up a Song,""Cornell Alumni News", XLII (30), 23 May 1940] and "Fight for Cornell""Cornell Alumni News", IX (3), 17 October 1906] "Cornell Alumni News", IX (33), 22 May 1907] to the Lynah Rink cowbell cheer."The Cornellian", 1972]

Beyond Cornell

Society influence appears to be strongest in the U.S. government and large corporations.

From 1913 to 1984, Quill and Dagger had at least one member in the U.S. Congress every single year. [List of Quill and Dagger U.S. Congress members] In recent decades, the society has had a strong presence in the U.S. State Department and related government positions, with two National Security Advisors [ [http://www.news.cornell.edu/releases/Nov04/hadley.fac.html Hadley appointed National Security Advisor] ] , two Directors of Policy Planning, and numerous assistant secretaries and senior advisers. Additionally, two members recently served as World Bank presidents, and a large number of members serve on the Council on Foreign Relations. Many of these government officials interact regularly in their professional duties. [ [http://www.cfr.org/publication/5041/uschina_relations.html?breadcrumb=%2Fbios%2F3373%2Fcarla_a_hills 1996 Council on Foreign Relations meeting transcript where Conable and Wolfowitz refer to Cornell affiliation] ] At least five prominent members of George W. Bush's administration are Quill and Dagger members: Stephen Friedman, Stephen Krasner, Paul Wolfowitz, Stephen Hadley, and Carol Kuntz.

During the 1930s through 1950s, the chairmen of Standard Oil [ [http://www.hbs.edu/leadership/database/leaders/888/ Walter C. Teagle in the Great American Business Leaders database] ] , Sun Oil (now Sunoco) [ [http://ezra.cornell.edu/posting.php?timestamp=840686400#question1 Dear Uncle Ezra, August 22, 1996] ] , and Continental Oil (now ConocoPhillips) companies were Quill and Dagger members, and many other advanced positions in these corporations were held by society members. Younger members who entered the oil industry at this time would gain industry prominence later in the century, with one becoming chairman of Amoco in the 1990s. [ [http://www.news.cornell.edu/stories/Oct05/Fuller.gift.html H. Laurance Fuller, retired CEO of Amoco] ] In the 1960s, the management of Union Carbide, the oldest chemical and polymer company in the country, passed directly from one member to another. [cite news | first = | last = | title = Personalities | publisher = Time Magazine | page = | date = February 14, 1964 [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,870773,00.html?promoid=googlep (Article refers to Birny Mason and predecessor Morse Dial)] ] In recent years, similar networking appears to be at work in the leading investment banks. With a chairman and managing director at Goldman Sachs in the past decade, a number of recent graduates have received offers and signed there.

War Memorial

Beginning in 1925, Quill and Dagger spearheaded the erection of a permanent memorial to Cornellians who served in the First World War. Based on the suggestion of F. Ellis Jackson, a Quill and Dagger member, the architectural plan for West Campus was modified to include the War Memorial structure. Funds for its construction were raised from alumni by a committee chaired by Robert E. Treman, also a society member. The War Memorial was dedicated on May 23, 1931 with a national radio address by President Herbert Hoover. Erected in remembrance of the nearly 300 Cornellian casualties and nearly 9,000 Cornellians who served during the War, the edifice is a testament to the courage and dedication of Cornellians past, present, and future. It remains the largest and most prominent of Cornell University’s tributes to military service and sacrifice.

Because of Quill and Dagger's contributions to the War Memorial's construction, the society was granted exclusive use of the top floors of the northern tower. [cite news | first = | last = | title = Society Completes Fund | publisher = Cornell Alumni News | page = | date = June 16, 1927] The inscription above the entrance to the building reads, "This tower is a memorial to the men of Quill and Dagger who in giving their lives for their country were true to Cornell traditions." The mural in the first floor War Memorial Shrine also depicts a quill and a dagger prominently, although official descriptions discuss their meaning as a palm and sword. [ [http://www.rso.cornell.edu/sandb/warmem.htm History of the Cornell War Memorial] ]

The War Memorial structure is filled with symbolism. For example, six symbols appear on shields around the top of the Quill and Dagger Tower. The east and west sides of the Tower depict four historic variations of a cross: the Latin cross, Saint Andrew's Cross, swastika, and Maltese cross. These four symbols have varying heraldic, religious, and secular meanings including loyalty, piety, bravery, martyrdom, humility, and sacrifice. They also are connected with historic chivalric orders such as the Knights Hospitaller and Knights Templar. The south side of the tower depicts an ankh, sometimes called the "original cross", which symbolizes life or the power to give and sustain life. Next to the ankh is a menorah, whose light has traditionally represented knowledge or enlightenment.

Membership

Undergraduates are selected for membership in Quill and Dagger in the spring of their junior year or fall of their senior year. A small number of honorary members have been selected since its founding, usually qualified individuals who were not eligible for membership as undergraduates. Honorary members include Edward Leamington Nichols and Ernest Wilson Huffcut, who graduated from Cornell University before the society was founded, and Janet Reno and Ruth Bader Ginsburg, who graduated before the society accepted women. Cornell University presidents Dale R. Corson, Frank H.T. Rhodes, Hunter R. Rawlings III, and Jeffrey Lehman all hold membership in the society. Roald Hoffman, a Nobel prize chemist, is also an honorary member.

Membership is published in "The Cornell Daily Sun" each semester. Alumni include:
*164 Cornell University Athletic Hall of Fame members
*14 Cornell University Presidential Councilors
*14 Frank H.T. Rhodes Exemplary Alumni Service Award winners
*12 of the "100 Most Notable Cornellians"
*11 Rhodes Scholars
*9 Olympic medalists
*8 Cornell University Council chairmen
*7 U.S. Congressmen
*6 Cornell University Convocation speakers
*6 Pulitzer Prize winners
*5 Cornell University Board of Trustees chairmen
*4 Cornell University Athletic Directors
*3 Cornell University Entrepreneurs of the Year
*2 United States Directors of Policy Planning
*2 United States National Security Advisors
*2 World Bank presidents

Other notable alumni who were selected for membership as undergraduates include Sandy Berger, Barber Conable, Adolph Coors III, Ken Dryden, Austin H. Kiplinger, Drew Nieporent, Jeremy Schaap, Leah Ward Sears, Jay Walker, E. B. White, and others.

ee also

*Collegiate secret societies in North America

References